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ݱǩ ǿǿ   ˬ
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ǸƯֵдѧѩƤģ׷У԰Ȧһı˪֮ɪɪ
Ҳ޷Լܣһִ֮ܽﶳɱ
಻㣬һȷФ벻ϣ߻Ÿʽħ֣Ҫȡ
ޱؽЩֶɱ飬Թʲôʱܳһȷ
賿㣬⴫һڵϣȴûбɱѡ
Աñѹúֻܵͣ¶üۡ
俪ʼڴÿ峿˺̰Ĳ㣬һץסСĸ첲峺һһƬ۵촽ǳĻȣ磬ԺһͶͷ𣿡
ңҹ㡣
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ⱲӾԼֻйһĵѣĸͬϽ񴡣
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һһӡ
һһĿԡ
ҵǰһ
һҹĪϵ
һ˳ʵһθַˡ
ҳϣƬֻʱǿͷ˹
ϽֻϵˣϢ׷ӢŷҪҵʵһ򡭡
һ
Ͻ쵱LDڽͷƣ־Ӣ쪵ͷ񣬾ưҹҲݵǩ
ʣȺﴫȢӣС޶ˡ
ȵҽҵ˫ա

һ
ͬѧۻʱϢըˡ
ǵУҽͻȻϱ˦ˡ
꣬ɶء
Ͻ񴿴һֱöȴûĸаȺţֶ峿4ӻعķɻ
ʻ°״ӣһҹڣҪ°ࡣ
绰һΥ
ʣҽӸ¡ջ
ôͻȻˣ
żȻȻء
ܡĻ򹷹
סܽǴԣӹҥԡ



1 

ͣ±ȡ
ǵ£÷Ʈķ΢ĺʱڡ
ƮЩȣ磬̫ɹܡ
ǽ⹫԰棬һ;ͻͣ
Сӣվˡٲ³ȥ˾һ˵ļ顣
䱻ҡˡ
۾Ѿû˿ˡȻոմ˸Ĺˡ
˳һֱǸһֱظΣЩԵɵɣ˸վ档
δûɫʣֻ·
ǸʹɳƣĶ˵ã䣬ֽϵı⿪ȻҲ˫ȣɵޡ
ȻͬҲбɣԶ˵ã䣬ջȥֻҪţԸʶ㡣
һζΪ֪ԼǴġ
ͬڴĴԽߣȲ֪ԼĶҲӣ޼䡣
Կʼ죬ĿЩӡ
Ӧܿ죬֪ԼǸĴѧ޿ѧӣҲ䡣
һˡ
ģΧ˵̸ֹѾһӦ˴ѧУ԰
Լ⸱ӻ⣬޳ʵֻݣƺǸġ
ֻһգЩšѧУץģŪ̳ϣ˸ʲôУݡ
֪ԼǴĶģҲǸ˭˵˵ôŵűĻ
Ȼһֱûʲôչ
ͳͼҪͼݵλãһСӵĿ˼
ۣһڿޡ
һˣ֪԰ˣСǻȴǸʵıϲŭ֡
ôĵĿǣſķ˹ȥ
СԱߣĸ׶԰Сڶŷڳϵıܿ
Ա߼Ȱǣ˵ʲôԵﶼһġ˵ˮ˾ЩԽȰǿ޵Խס
һһ׸ߵСŮǿ޵ģ׵غǲһġءҪȥġ˵ܲữġˡء
ѽЩСӡٺúÿѽ̳̾ظżҲû˰취
Ա߹ˡĸСӰѱܷʯϣڹ԰濪ˣٻҪԱʱֻѹǿޱӡ
俴˿ĺб̫ɹ˵ıܣĬ߹޳ָĺбֽܵᴥ¡
漴˵˵ĶԣǼСһޣٺúֶء
˵˲䣬ûע⵽ֽıܣֱȱٶö죬һֶʵˡ
СӹſˣкǣźŲŴʣ磬ǲƭ˵Ĵ𣿡
ѽС㿴ֶˣµһõش𣬸ոյСŮͷ漣һ㣬۾ﻹ飬ȴѾſЦݣ۾С
վſĵĺЦЦת뿪ˡ
ʵԼҲ֪ΪʲôĶ
ʼ죬Ϊ˶ܿ췢ֻ֣һˡ
ԣԼڳ˵ļܣǰ¶
ڼŸ·˶קקֻ־ڣִ˿㶵
ѰŵͼһΣƹһƬ֣ǰͻȻһⶥĺש̲ţһˮĺ
º̺죬С裬һƬԶеĹŷȤ
ⴱשǽͼݡ
ͼݵġ
˵ĩ1902ꡣĶＹмĩĴйĽַʱ»Ҫ͡
ﲻŽȫؾǵٶ黭ռһЩ˵ϡ
ĵȻǺߡ
֪Լô¶ԼĶġ
Ȼ˻չͼݹţҲûҵʲôõϡ
˿ͼݵĴ⣬ϼƻ𣬰ߵһǶպˡ
ѵòĽǣҪһһ㡣
ͼѾ
һγƱףƵͼǰ棬ֶ࿴˼һĨ棬һƬýɫĺשǽ
ÿ롣
ϲƯĹŽ
ϣϻؼҲûԣɴͼˮǰʯϡ
˵ΪʲôڤڤУܾý͸ʲôٻ¡ֻǸˡ
ѾȫˡڵСɼǶѰӰ
Щ䣬ٵȥˣվĥ˵˶ӣ׼ȥĩ೵
ͻȻˣ¹ģֱƻͨ
Ÿոչҷ۵ļɽҲ˲Ϣȫˡ
ϰٶɻͬʱţ
˲ա˲ȼһƬ𺣡
պôһػ磬ͬʱȼԱһŴ
ãͼҪˣ俴һ󱣴ϵͼݡ
תĴˣ˹԰ͼݣ˷ֻ飬ͼҪˡ
ôӵĹֻ΢ɨ֦Ѿȫ˻ӡ
벻ףӳĻôȼ죬תۼѾѺשⶥͼΧм䡣
һƬ𺣣ûг·
ٲߣۿҪͼһˡ
ȴȻ侲˼ͼݡ
ͼĻָ֪źԶľ
ȻʹȻ𳵸ϵùͨˮҲ첻мͼݡ
ﱻƣ׿
ǣŨ
˵ͼǰ䣬ѾѰһܴȥ·ˡ
ǰڲƽѾȫˮĺһһƬݵˣΧֻãã𺣡
źשǽվֱӡ
֪ԼһҲ֪ͼݻס
Ȼʱ䣬ﾹȻ˿ûԼİΣûһ˶һеĿ־塣
ŲͼݵſڣɫĻðŨڵѬ̣ŭȵʨȺҲССһשǽ˹
·ҪһӣҪΪʨеССһö
ʱ仹վñͦƮȻǸʳ˼̻ľ顣ȻֻѪ֮
˶ﲻŲæ֣˺שǽϡ
˲䣬ڻƹҪĺשǽһ̾ʱ򣬻˺˰ߵĺˣ˺שǽȴ˳һ˻ȥ
ٴ纣˰㣬һ˸߸ߵײ˺שǽ
һΣשǽǵûб̾ǻʺһ׶ࡣѾоˡ
ͷשѾ˺һש·Ǳѩͯ磬ͼݾ˱ıĤŵׯŵͼݱĺܺãûбһש
ûٳԽԽԶ
ոյĴҲֻʥҹĽɫƻ𣬻ȥˣҶȻڵ
ɿˡ׷һĻ棬ˮĺߡ
ɫﻹʲôɫĻ𻨡
ֻĺɻȻŵĽޣøողһ
ҹûظ
ҴҸչԱ̨ļ֪ν͡
ԱͳˡϵĽͼݷ·ܵĺǻȻһһ˿𡿣ֱ췽ҹ̷
ɫҹĻŻң뿪Ⱥص˼ңһ˵ľɷӡ
ö
䡣
˸ԿȺ
ֻˣ¶ֻС
óһ鶳˱ӵǿ˼ڡʵʡ
ֶһˡ
ԵģżȻֱԱ߶İĹֽ
ͣ±ȡ
⼸һγɹע⣬
֮ǰûгԹֻ͵ģʵû
һ˿Ǵ򿪷ֻŲ˵绰
绰һͷ
һԱոմӺվ˳ժһźϵˮϵ·Ѿˡ
źشͳɳƣֻͲ͡תźһǿһģһķֻ
ðɡ
ɡ
˵绰۾ֻſճ


2 
˪
ǸһȲȫغŵ
ڶ죬һϰԵ۾
518֡
򿪵ӣȻϱճʱҲ518һֲ
ඳ˵ıӣ˫ֶŴ˴߹˼ȥ˿յů
ڴͷϷϿյ죬ϲϲЩܲ
ھɸ˯˼ף˴ߡ
뿴ϸ꣬ĵܾϤȴֺңԶ
ǸոϤ⸱ӣӳݶӰԾ̧ȥϵӰӡ
ոհѰ޳ָϣ˻һȲ˳ָĵطһɫı߻˲ͽ˱˪
΢΢̾˿ϽɿָԼԴѽôˡ
ʲôʱֱʣֻһǵˡ
ÿڲϰֱ˪ѩѴüζԽԽ
˵紵Ǹ߿Ƽĺöȷ糯Ųһֱϼӣ˪ͻڻ
ֻǣ̫ѵˡ
ǸŽѧѧĴһƽʱϴ趼᲻ݵѡ
ո³ÿյ㶯õ紵ˡһҪȥѧУֵ̫ϣ˪ҲȻʧ
Щˣжʱ䣬Ҳ֪绰С᲻׼ʱֻԼȥȱţ̡
ıûӵԴĽƣ˿Ӱ䡣
򿪱ţһָţ̺˳ȻѸٴţ̺ӣﵹ˴뱭ţ̣漴Ž΢¯һֱȵ˷ڡ
ڵţ̣ǣȿȵġ
΢¯ֶֻŴ˴꣬˺ĴףŶ׼ţ̱ӵλãȥж޹һĬȻץţ̱ӡ
ˣڻµġ
ת˲ʾͳ˱ˡ
Ѿˡ
Ȼ䲻ֻ֣һţ̺ꡣ
Ȼţ̻εضڱﲻӶˢ
ڹ죬̨ϵСԲèڴϿצӣ·Ҳţ̡
۽ӦСԲèҲ밡ӣˣţ̷ָ㣬Ҫӵġ
Ŵ
һֱڴ̨ϱè߿ֱҪըˡ
Ǹǧ
һѹ˽ÿһ䡣ڣҹһͼݵĺߣҵһֱѰٵ䡣
ܲˣһֱ䵽ߡ
Ȼĳ˸ͨˡһûǰ䣬ƺҲǵͨˡ
һһҹ֮ԼϰΣ㲻ֽӾͰѺȼɻҽˡ
ڻһͨԱģ
ñ˿ʱͨǿġ
ԱרõСĦġĦͣ¥ſڡ
˴̨ߣһֻͨСԲè
СԲè˵СԲѾԼķƲˡҪҽȥɡè˵Ż߬ŵĽԿһգɿ֣ѾֻʣһһŤĽðˡ
ԱߵСԲèᵽζһֱӴӴ̨ϱȥ˦˦βһˡ
̾˿̧֣ư˸ո䰴˪Ĳϡ
ֻ΢΢תۼ䣬ϵıˡɵˮλûüۿɼٶС󣬲һӣˮҲˡ
ţ̱ӣСԲèͻȻܵˡ
۾ΪԼˣСԲèոն׹Ĳϣ˪Ȼȫˡڲˬ¡
̧ͷ˿죬ЩƣȻ³ģ÷ӦòôӾͻϵĽɡ
ú棬ȥԡ
ժ˺決õĴףһ˲档
һֻѩ֣϶˲ϡ
ʱĴ⣻
ʮıǸ𣡡õͺһ
˲̹ǣŲһ˫һ۾ô۽ޣһգգضԼǸһȲȫغŵơ
͵ضºᣬڸҲغϵƣʮı
һϣٴαˣǸޡ

÷˸Ͻջָ֣Ѿ΢΢ˡֱо˴̹ǵıŲ裬ҧ
ÿճ֮һʱܰ𽥽΢ʱΡ
סͨ˵ȻʱҲųܸܵʹǱ̹ǵʹ
ȻԶûһǵغţʹ᲻ðŲ
ٵһ£ᱻѿ
ŴӲŲơ
˲䣬²˪
ŴǸ˵ǲС䡣
ƨˡ¸֪˾ͽˣ㡣֪˵ʲô˶㻹ûĽ˾仰
㿴˿ģǱͨ죬ûסˡ
΢΢˴ǣ
ÿ峿ʱ򡣷סһ߽ȥˡ
ֻͨǰ˺һְԼǰǸλá
ʱһֻȸɹͣڰУߴߴ˼䡣
ֻͺһ
ȸϽųƵѾһģкӶ˻ϻˡ
кҿûˣȡһƬҶӣһѾһɫͨɡ
´̨ߵĦԱȡһñӿԴ棬ְñʹѹЩ
ȡֽӣǶһҶ
ֽӣһӶҵ
ˣ
ˡ
ѾſڣԼףϵֱӿš
硣ġͲֱֽӵˣٲȻһְҵʵ͵˲񻰵СԱ
һ
кݵؽѾҪֽӡ
硣˵ʱСһת뿪¥ֻܿɫͦıӰ
䶼ĥŽݾȥɴֽӣ뷨˻ȥ
㣡
ոлðһ붹
͹̳һըִ
ԱߵĲҶȹĿˮ
ǰӻ˸Ƶſʼˡ
ʵ͡һγôһȺ
ȣԿӼٷ£ҶָҲ
СĶȵģϧһ硹˵ϣ˾ûӰˡ
ŴĿСĦУһ֮Ѿ¥ǰʧˡ
Ϊܵÿ죬ȷɡֻԼôš
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ôŵĹѾ첥ˡ
ͼ龪һĻ𳡣һţҲû˸ôģôġһţһš
˵ӣûгԵ̫ա
ڸոգѾͬϵͬѧڣվϻ£һɫɡڵһѧˡ


3 

׳ȥİͣ˰С
ǸϷӵһ¥ǰǸ̵Сӡ
ԶˣСӱʱֻ̭ˡ
ĽǣΨСӣǰ̣סҲǸ̵ͷΪǽϱѬĺںģʹѹ˼ǮҲ˹ʡ
ѧлס˽
ҵһֻǾɻгϹŶֻ
ͣϸʱ˶ֱӳˡ
ϻɫɡ˻Σһ˹ŵкվ˳˷򣬳亰һ䣬
Сú磬Ⱥܾˣͷϸ˸ǣûɡ
СȫнڡǸոֻȸΣȻͨ˲
֣˼βżסġ˵ʵǿŸּסˡ䲻ԸţԸɴະС˳ڡ
ûУҸո·кӺЩ˵仰ͷҲȥˡ
ԾؾվɫĴɡ棬˵ɡмǻŴ򡣡
߱ʣˣ쿪ʼѵǰɡָԱҪȰסˡס𣿡ʵסޣʻᱻͬѧȡЦ
ŶûסޣҸլүүסûѣǼȸȷ㰴ס˰ѱҲһֻɵСȸˡ
˵ŻռˮӴӷֱӴɡϡɡһֿ죬ֱӷһѽڳɡĸ첲
ڸ첲һһ飬һ˲䣬ɫɷ׵տ࣬ûվȡ
ע⵽ˣеתʵСôˣɫ񲻺ð
ڸɴһӰɡҲˣҴҵ˵Ǹ䣬ϺԻˡӦߣҡ˵꣬תҪܡ
һסĸ첲ιȵȡǼҵĽ
ǡˣ˼ҪĶ
ڸ첲Ҫˣͷûأɣһܿˡ
ԼɡСԶıӰҡҡͷ
Աһֱŵ㣬һѾܽԺĽڣһưԭ͡ȸݺݵر˵ϡ
СȸѰ׶Ƥ棬Ҳ㣬Ҳˡ
˿Ŀ˵ҪңҪҵ¶ɰɣ
СϻȥҾͰһȸһ֣˸֦ȸĶӡ
ȸһļε죬ֲòվȣ˵Ǹ䣬ˮݡҾôΪȥҲνǰû˵ʱ£ҲҲֲˡ
㲻һ֣ˡ
תۣȸһͷ
ϸ磬˵ʵõҶˣס˵Щ֪ߵغС֣ҵˣĶб
죡㳯żͷһָһȸë
УҲ˵ˡ⻹ǸܡЩϹ¶ģ˭֪һ񺹣ʮ׳Ρ
ȸһ
˴ˡ磬Ұɡھȥ֤٣衣
žȸˤ˵ϡ
һǳ⡣
³ּѵطˡ
ѧУϴεʱܻѡڽݽҴߵλá
Ǹ㲻ôѧУĲô˪
ѵǸ⣿ֹһεô롣
У԰ͼݵǳֻשǽͼһ
־ýͲͨˡ
һ뵽ǼϳԵȺͣ᲻סˡ
㲻ôʦһߡԱߣ˷ӣһǦӡ
˵꣬棬Ữ˻ӡһȸëճ档
ǸͬѧifģΪʲôѭ̨ǰʦշ·۱ʣһתָ䡣
ոջȫͶоŲ䣬תʦЦЦ
ڸϽƹʼǱŬŬ졣
俴ʮжһloopṹ66У趨ˡͿѭ
˵꣬Ǳǫ͵Цݡ磬պһսϣЦݲõظ˼ֹš
˵̨ǰϽŴ˵ҲһƬ꣬ϵ͵͵ܹŮûץġ
ڸڱʼǱô¶Ҳˡ
ѵվӵʱ򣬽ڻҪĴһȥʾãƺûһô硣
ô¶
һֱСĶĽƶһֱӺףֲڵµĴѧ
޶˸ȸëͻȻǰˣ֪յصּкͣûע⣬ϲɴӲˡ
ûԷ˰ЩģŶУ԰һȦ
ųͬѧǳԵô㣬Ҳˮûס˸Ĵ˳
мûͣһֱܵ˲ٳϡҿûˣ棬ϵİ͵ƵģĴӻ˳
㣬ͣŻȸֱֱӣȴû취ȥ
ŵİζˣȴӲϴĵŪһ߳һǣذѰͽߡ
۾
꣬ҧһڡ
Ȼˡ˸ӣñʯͷӲ
ǮְϹˡ
ȴû취һɱӵĶһʱ
һԶͶƢѰԶԶ˳ȥ
תûԶ
׳ȥİ˸ߣͣ˰С
תһͣڰеİͻȻסˡ
ȸָ̧ųǿߺһ磬ˣ
漴ֱӳŻӷ˹ȥССĻȸͻȻ󣬳ſӰٲȻһֻӡ
˼³򣬼ȸëպˣŰһˡ
Դҵ䣬ȸÿ춼Ҫɤ˹Ѽɤӡ
һҪѳסҪ侲
һ㣬л˵ĵط
ǧ֮ǧңҲǳȻķ
Щأǧô᲻֪
ȸһ鶣˵簡ǲٳ˵˶ٱˣͨ˵ġ㲻ۡҰɡΪ˸¸ӣ·ɣϴȸԼ˵ĳһʹشżս˵ȸë
һ֣ûϻ˵ȥѰӸëë׼
˵꣬޳ָ֣ŰŵĶӣظ˻ȸµָ
磬һ磬ëŪӣҲ߯۸˰ɡҲ֪ë໰
ȸû˵꣬ͱ㾾סԴϵһذɫȸëʹζҪðˡ
ëֻϲ˯İèˡȸ治ȥ
죬ϼȥˣֿʼ
ǵðСɫɡУ԰ſڵɡϡСⶣҪȥҲɡûȥ
ǣȡɡʱּһģһɫɡ
һѣԼãϲͬһɡϸЩɫơ
ͼιĿӦòῴġǣɡһѡ
ű˱˵ɡͺãԱһŮ˹Ͱһɡȡˡ
ŮżſɡͿ첽ǰ档
Ҳſɡȥ·ϣ¸ͣ
һţǰŮζһɡע⡣
ԼǰŮŵɡ棬ƺ񲻽ɫˣɡҲһˡ


4 
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ۿǰŮŵɡɡԽԽ˼룺ⲻԾ
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ɫϼ˾ջƣ·ϵѾ޼
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ǿŶɡѣɡɡպøǰŮʱסˡ
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ͣ˽Ųûͷ
Ůɡ˹ʾһ˵ôҵɡһɡ
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ѧڵ￴һʿʿӣº͵˵ˡô˼ܼͻȥˡ
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ŮЦŰɡ˹˵ɡMʷϵġ̳ϿƬ
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̧ͷɡѾɡˣҲͦصġǰŮֻŸ˵Ҳע⵽ɡ䡣
Ȼ󷽵ؽӹɡ˵Сллɡɡ
ҹŵҹĻŮĽСݣһ·ʱʱ̧ۿ䣬üβȵĽš
ŮĬĬֹҪǽûԼᣬҪܸٶһ·öá
ŮѾУǻ˧ΪҴɡΪʲôû˿Ұ
Ů˵·ûʮӾͿһ͹ˡ
Ůת˵áллҴɡϧˡɡˡ컹ʷϵϰҡ
˿ɡõˣܺá
ǣŮĻЩͷŮûô˵ģ֪ôԴˡ
룬ӦһӦϾͿԣǣòص˵ͷ˵ҲˡҲллɡ컹㡣
ֻİŮܽıӰȴûпŮľȡ
·ֻһһѹɡڼˣվźŵǰ棬̧ͷɡǡ
ʱźŵϵ㱻ȸŷ˺üȦ
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ԱߵĻȸҲһֱߴߴͣ˵ңǸʱ㲻Ǽǻô¶ɵǡ
죡Լȴð䡣
ȸʹסҪȥ㣬ధ󣺡ˡոͬеŮӾǸͨˡ㲻ܸͨ˶ġ
һۣҲᶯЩͨˡ
ȸϽ䵽ų𣺡ڶ𣬱ĸУ滹кܶˡ㲻ΪʹȸԴϵһذɫȸëŲˡ
̵ˡ
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·˳ȥԣҹ÷ֻһƬϸꡣ
ƺҪɡˡ
̧ͷѾ˺ɳ̲̫ɡһɡɡͷˣɡ죬Ծء
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ոջǹ⻬ɡѣЩ֣㶵ģ֦ӡ
źŵϡ
Զˣźŵ㣬һеĿС繤ȴ˫Ȼͫ˽ɫȫû˰иУֱҪ˵ӡ
Żȸٷϻͷ
ȸ˵̾˿ôҲǸûȻ
ֲ뿪Ѿ侲벽
ʵ˿ﲢû̫䣬Ϊ·ϻǼͨڡ
ϾֻҪԱиͨڣûа취ſʩġ
սĲ¥ľשѾǰˡ
խ·Ҳɢȥˡ
쵽ҵʱѾȫͣˡղɡֻһ·ɡ¥ǰ
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ʱɡֹǺ󣬸ɵˮĸƺҪ档
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ȸȻëˣûԥ˲ϻһͷҲվ
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ǸϹΪʲôֲԾˣҪǸ˹ֻؼңըˣ˵ŻŻӣ䵽˵ֱӵȼһʯͷ
ȸĴһĴųһ˵磬һ¡Ҳɡ޷Ǿ㺹Ҫ񺹣ôɱȥߡ
ոһŰˣеֵûǮˡ
ֵɡӣŹˡ
ĵƣְ̧һֱ£ɡ߾룺Ҫܰණɾ߿ƼƷůְǲء
Ȼո滹ֵɡѣֱǸϸůְַѾһ
µŵ糺ҺҲ˷ۺСӣһһŹűߡ
ûȥֳ̧ſɡɡѾԼСˡ
ϻûоףոջصĹɡѾָֻǰͨɫɡģ
϶ûȣոջϲϵɡѾ˵ҶӣԼ΢
ɫʾԭֻһֽɡɡѻǸ֦ӣϧû˵üȫϣһɡͶסˡýʵʵһ걾Ҳˡ
ְѶ˱ֽɡֶͰ̾˿컹ûɡ
һתŻȸ͵صһۡ
ȸϽ֣ųˣ
ȸûŸȥǸɡȡĸΡ


5 

취ס
ҹˡ
ҹ˾ĺʱ򣬿ֻһֻĻȸڱʹŻز˼ҡ
һ֮Ǹ˹ŵСͬѧϧСͬѧҪɵ¶š
ָʹҹլȥ͵ɡ
ڵŽŽļһȸëָһͰɡѾˡűסɡո߳¥ͱһѰסˡ
ȵȣˡϡлֶûУһ
˿ҡҡͷ˵磬ԭҳʱ޺ˡָʶĸ߼ȥǸľͷţ͵ˡ
˵ˣ̧ͷ˿ҹɫҪˣϽ˻ЦЦ˵磬Ҫ´ģ
ϻࡣһѶɡȥ
ϸ˿˱ɡ
룬ɡ⸽ٵƯģѵҲΪһ񺹣ϢǴĹԶˡ
ȸҲСһļͷűĲɡߴߴ磬㿴ɡû³ô¶ô̤ʵʵɡûüӣлġ
졣һǳ⣬һѺɫĻȼӵĹ򣬸ոնýʵһɡƾʧˡ
ɿ߬ŵȭͷ¶һöκڱⶹһĶ̧͵˼򴦣˵ȥëŽ֮ǰȥȡ
ȸֱҪˣûȥȡöӣ̲סߴߴǲˡһͨˡʲô
ϻ
ǣ֪ıȸҪɫ䣬ϽĿڣҴˣǹô˵ɣñһֻӵĴèΣⲻǱô

ȸ˵ȥҪʹˣֻηˡ
컹ǺڵֲצŸոĵࡣ
ȸ˽С֣һװޱµĹʽ¥
¥Ķмһĺң˵һ˸֣漸֣ǵһ ëҰ̡
һ¥ڴŶõıǩǽ
ÿֻ300
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ҹɫһֻèצһ˸¥ϣŻȸڰèצһƨ˸¥ĵϡ
֮èèһ̹⾼ȻΣпȡôβˡͨ˳ԣԿŴƵģ˸ûһ
ɲôȸ͸ͷ
èΰã˵СûȥȰԼ˰ɡˣԭѹҪһġ
ȸεҡҡͷ
èǲģȰƾʵóˣķˣǿʳ磬ȺҪЩһڶ취ûȥ˰ɡ
ȸﶼҪˣë֪ܲǲˣҪ취ɡ
è۵ۣûˡ
èèצһģˣˣҸ˷Ž˭֪ǻȸҵǻۣ취ɣһڡ
#
ճһӣȵۡ
5:17֡
ܲ۾
ʲôСзСϺצţβצǡһ۾࣬ӽеܡ
СЩʱ䣬֪ˡ
ɡЩ᲻ôˮٳ˸ˮ
硪Ŵ˺ü硣
̫һȺˡ
ˡ
һ꣬һƿš
߯ˡ
ӡ
ޣ
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硣ġСѼñһѹһ֡
Ҳ¸硹ת͹ţһСص⡣
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ôᶳסأ
ڴ̨ϣһÿ춼ֵСԲèһ߰˲ϡ
ǻȸʱСԲèһȥܰûèꡣ
ȸô¶һץס˻ȸצӡ
һȸͻȻһ֣ļ򣬡㲻ðɡηŽô᲻Σķһֽˡ
Ӧáůġ侲
ȸ๣á
գգ۾Ҫ磬ٽȥԣ
û˵꣬˴̨°塣
ϴӣֱ˰۾ȥˡ
Сñѹúֻܵͣܿ˫˶˵Բ𡣸ոʹˡһ䶳ӡܸ㻻һ𣿡
䱾޾ɵЩѹôһˡϽѰһ˹װ֪Ŷô
һ¡ȥȡץֽӣŹˡ
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ˡ
Ѿˮˣּ̣˵ȥ㵹ˮɣ
˵ˣҲû
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˿
ԼֻƭڷԵС꣬ڻýʾ֭ºС̫ˡ
ȡһҿ𡣱ϾȥһôţЩ˼ˣֱ˴ԴһƷҲմ
û˵ֱӴӴȥȡһӣϡ
ɫϻʿˮһֱͣ
ٺƤһ仰˵ˡ
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Ҫ̫Ҫˣ
һ˫һЦֵܱ̫ڴššüëЩΪѵ˵ǣðɡֻˡ
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ҧڣѾˣҧȥ˵ʲôˡ
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俴˿һֱһŰӵСŲһӣԡ
˶Ũܵ۽ޣŴŴʣС磬Թô
֣صҡҡͷˣֻûô޵ĻˡΪԼһˣǸẰ硹
ˣǿ룺Ҫһͣһ԰ɡ
Сܾش𣬼ɫ˵֣ûðӡСҪǻæˡ
û˵ֻǰѰ졣
һ
ž֣ôţӡмһ仰Ҳû˵
俴ʣһˣմЩ˫֣Сĸ첲ϣ˵˵ġԡ
ܽӣѾеһͨˡ
ʱŵĸ첲һɺע룬ɽ峺ȪŲҷٲҪסˡҹֻ䶳ɡһס
̧һֻѹѹѼñİӡ
俴ǵö
ֽһ룺ոһֱСӣⲻ۲˼ô
һʱˣҭţȥСĺ󱳡
㱳ͻȻһɱӴϸ룬̵һһѪӿϽվ˵ллİӣҿҪˮô
ŶƣءŲ˼ЦЦŲȥȡӣŵϡ
ˮϸտˮЩŵĶˮԥŸôﵹˮס˲ܰѿˮɱӵĿܡ
ѹѹñܣƽ˵Ұűӡ
ֱʲôʲôˡ
ˮڵˮҲһһڡ
ǣ֮ᷢĹʿˮסˡ
ޡ࣬ò˱ǰɡվ󷽷ذѱӵݵߡ
˹ˣþûˮˣ
۽С취סһҪס


6 

ϵһˡ
һůůӣһˮ
ʢһýУ԰һƽߴߴŶʡ硹
䰴ϰߣ˽ݽҵĺŴߡ
СϢȥɡȥˡһˣϳԵؿˣʲô²ǰ漸Ůһϵ԰硣
ŮǸ̲裬Լָ˵ιⲻĻ
ⲻ̲裬˭ˣ˼ҿɰѽ
ǾǣŮɰԼԸι˼ҵġ˼ĸ̫ԸϹ

Լָˡιץ˼ؼʡ
תԲʣڽԲȻûн
壬塣ͻȻ
Ѱķݽǰ濴˹ȥ
һϵŮһɫСӣС˽ҡ
ǣ쿴ʲôöȥŮž˹ȥ
ʮֲӺܿ챻˳ȥ˻ţˡִͳСűȿͨ
仹ڿ֣һ󵨵Ůܵǰ棬ҲһСӣһɫŷ⡣
ҽС˵Ůһܵˡ
ַ飬Ѽֲ֣û𿪹ÿҲòĵͷŷ
ܿɢȥҪϿˡ
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֪Ϊʲôţңˡ
Ѱȥһ۾ЩŮˣֵֻһֻɫССϣǰĿλϡ
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һֱöΪǸСжɰ
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Ȼ⿴ƿɰëͻȻɫ̦ͷ˿һмĺܳĴǣѾϡ
ǰŮ˷ӣںʼǣȫûע⵽
俴ϸ̦˿µλãȻĻۡ
üһϸϸô
һ̦˿쵽Ƥϣ˻һƤѿˡ
һ֣ͣȥתԲˡ
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һƽͣ˵ɫӣһҲûáʣܸ㻻Ǹ𣿡˵꣬Ѹոյɫӷǣʵúò
ǰŮҪСӵģΪûѣЩ˼ؽӹСӣЦúܿģҲܳʵظ˵ʵҪˣҶϲӵġлл⻻ѽ
ҡҡͷȥŮݹСȡ
ǰܶĽֻĿ˹΢΢һЦתһ뿪˽ҡ
öС߬ʵǺ档һȻҲһֱ졣ϸϸĴһ̦˿ȻͻȻ䳤նľͷƤ
ûˣ°ſϸ۲ͻȻСһɫ̦˿ֱӲϡһ˼ʮȦۿ̦˿սƾҪճѪˡ
ûˣֻҪճȭܰöɸ
ȻƫƫʱϿǰŮŵĵӾʲô̲һ˲ԥֱˣʺѪ˳޳ָϽְ־
־ܸо䶯ë޵̦˿ƺѪЩʹ
ոոϻĽڰһĻȫѾû˼Ͽˣ䲻ԭΣʱֱӴӴ˳ȥ
ȸ׾ҵͣߴߴǧ𼱡壬һһǧ嶯
Ϊʲôȥһʹ̫ѨϣͫѾһƬɫˡôܳס
ʻȸǴ壬һҲ۶һֻ㿴𣿡
ȸ˵ͷ뵽ʲôֲ˵壬Ҳ֡ʱֶκأ۶˭ͨҲֻ֡ǣҼǵãǿԲٿصġ
ϻôٿأȥ㷳ش˕tѹñܡ
˵ֻѪ֮ȵȣ취Ǹˣ첻ʳˣȱ𶯡ȸ˵žҪУ԰ߵ㣬ȸë
ˣȸôһͣ˽Ų
ֻͨˣܲݴ塣ȸһżһ˳
ɿ˻ȸݺݵҵšҹˣҾ
Сȸʵʹ˼ϻȸ֪˴ı¡ȸǸѾǧˡ
ûа취ѴȫΪĻᷢʧء
ģȻ˵ѪϵֻһԵġ
ǰΪ˸
ϵһˡ
֮ϵϿһѪѪδ֮ǰܹϵ˵ķŭӶȥɱһϵĶˣֻ߻ˡ
Ȼ廹ϵˣν岻Ҳɣմػɡ
Ķձ񣬴Ӵε硣
Ȼȸصңһ۾ƳѪģ֪ڵѾöˡ
Ѫ֮ˣ˲ǿͷ޾ӲԼ
ȸʱ̲סʼƫˡ
ǻȸһֱŲ֮д
ǵȸүү˵Ǳ࣬ǲΨǳȾʥɡ
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һֱΪʲôÿץӷΣȴֺ޲ðóȥ
Ȼȴ֪Ǹȥָʹôͻһ̫׵¶ˡͳΣ͸䡣
ȸͺݲȥˣҲһֻɵ
ʱĬĬףܶ԰ѵõ塣
ͬʱǻѡҹòҪҲҪ


7 
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̹ǣŭһ
ŴϰȸѾλصߣҵ󣬳ȥȸ
ǧСȸ֮ǰˡ
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νУһƯ۵Ķ¥ȻǱסоǻȸ塣
Ϊ׵ȸǸӲʵİ׷ˣûΧһ̲岻ͣǼϡĺ롣
ˡҽﲻ㡣ϻȸ㿪ڣͰѹȺһԱ㲻ݡ
ȸ㲻Ҳô㡣ʰоôѵû˫ֲǰ̬Ҳѿ
ȸû̧ͷźֻЦ̣˵˵Цˣʱ尡оֶˡ
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ȸ̧ͷЦЦȻྴ尡
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ȸҡҡͷƵ˵ϻˡСⲻСʱ԰ɡ˵ûҩУҲ㡣
ȸǲΪҲҶ㣡㲻װˣһѾȸĺӡ
ȸЦˣһѹ˵ķ緶˵ȸʱԼǣԼŪѪ֮ͨˣҸ㣬ȥǳĶѻģ˵ڲ
ûٸϻȸһ룬ֱӾҪȥ
ȸһɫƣ˫ֺƣǸϽǿȰסˡ㶼ȥû߳ӡѺ뻹ңҸʵļ
ȸһСĺҩǧһֱ߶¥ſڣ֮һ㣬Ҳǰͷľûκͨˡǧ嶯
ۿҪˣûȸ߶꣬ûӰˡ
#
Mʳڰʱһֱִ֡Ե
ֻܴӴ߹ͬѧǳԵĿġ
ӦĴѧ֮Լصĺܺá
ԲȺȻҲѹûΪű˷
ǣƱƣС֮ĪЩ꣬ʱƣðҲһ
պ·ųʳмȵͬϵͻȻȭͷĳ嶯
Ȼûȭͷ͸оǸСһëڴߴϽȭһ㡣˼ΣԼ¾סԣ̦صԭ״
ظһδθķһαһѹ֡
ɫŻؼңƽﳣУ԰ҵСҲĪ÷ԸоСһγɳٶȼӿˡ
һĶŵӲˣ䣬С˵ñǰšҶӶţ˭Ť
⻰˵ڣԼȣͣȥʼؿ
Ȼڹеôˡûش
Ϊʱһӿ𣿶壬塣
ң塣ɭ棬ܸһ
ͬʱ˿̣Ѿëˣظоʮϸ̦˿̽˳ϣƴҪ졣
Ȼᶨط
һûٻͷС߿ֱСĽŲʧˣһƽָԭˡ
η֮Щˣһǻŭйء
Ȼȴһ֣Ѿ֪ô˦ˡУ԰ײͬѧǰ¶ֵıܡ
˼βɣɴȥǻصǸа취֮ˡ
ܿˣʼ첽ˡ
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Էû˵ǸɭֳˣǸƺʣƾʲôͲͣûá壬塣
ö߹˷磬ĤĶҪ绰ˡ
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ѹŻŭѾ忪ʼ䣬ŭʣڸʲôſ񲢲Ը⡣
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䴹۽ޣѰȥڵѾ޵Ů˵£ʶ𣿡
Ů˺£ײ˵ֻǿҡҡͷ
ž׳һֻͺĴۿҪŮϣǰһ߬ס׳
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Ů޴ӵֿŵѾ޻˹ȥ
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һֽ⿪ԼĿӣվ˹ô¶ˣɲˡôүһ
׳λεĵۿҪĲˣǣûͱ
ѵһˡ
׳һͻȻ䵽˵ϵĲһѵӣŵӵֱۡ


8 

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ǸˣʮĶˡ塣һɭϵظš
ǺǺǡ˸塣ƺֻɭЦг
׳ӦĶϱۣʹ໽ȴֻΪһֻϱۡ
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ոջŵ·ͻȻȫˣȥǧ̦˿̹⣬ɭȻһͷѾ׳Ĳϡ
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ˣδءˣĳⷣлϡδ졹֣һ֮ųһε֮ɥһŮ塣Ȼɭȴһģʽˡ
䲻ȥ˶ҵŮϡ
ٰŮиŮˣ·˲˵һл֣ȻţѾתܿˡ
ˣ˳ˣǲҲػءǺǣ塣ǸƻЦ
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˻ȸֱһȭ˵ĻȸȻȫû㣬㶯ٿ죬ҲǱȸɶ㿪ˡ
˵û취ͻȻҪڱëǸʱΣæøҲˡҶ˺æˡȸǹʱ䣬Ҳôô˵
ʱö׼15ӡ
Ҫ15ӵͨˣ15ָܻ
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ȸߣѾͬѧˡ
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ˤһӣڵϣⲻѱˤɡ
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ͻȻˣԺ˭ȷ
ʳΪ졣һ¶
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˲䣬ſڵϵСתˣһ̧ס֣Ҫ
ȻС
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һǧɿԾܾȻѵڻǸѪ֮ӡ
Ǻȱˮѣӹˡ
ôţһѹñܣǸȥˡ


9 
ڱ
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ո⣬ðȺֽӣһţͲˣãҪ
ϽȰֽһף㶪мһķϡ
СżվǶûЦã˵㲻ûЬɡ
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䱳ӣȻѾ˱˪
룬ɴȡëһմˮһʪתݸСʱѾһ㱡ı˪ˡ
۽䣬˵ˣҿոյµʱ򣬻˲ٺءñëһ°ɡ
СʵڣûˮҲҪˡʹë濪ʼˡ
ȥϴ˰֣²ˣֽӣ뿴ʲô
ոջеȺۿҪˡ
ͷ˿ëһֱСǸͦʵڿɰˡ
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Ѿĸˡ˿ϵĻۣȻѧУЩŮĹʲôŮĵӾ磬һˡ
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ЩΪسС˹ԴʣС磬Ǹʲôѽ
ڱֻ֡
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һ˫һ峺ף΢΢۽ǣһ̾Ϣƺ۾ѹ˿Ŷۡ
ššüģϼֻԱɡ
ʱ䣬ˡ
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ոŪһǴԸİɡ壬һ񺹣ʮ׳Ρƨ˭˵ģһţѾһˡ
һƮһЦոͨ˿αװĲҶƭˡϻȻǸҵˡ͸֪Ҫġɣѳ飬ҳȫ㣬С綼ġ
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쿪ֻ֣ʣһöɫĶӣΡ
һ֣ȸѾӵļͷȥëҪһС⽡
ȸϵôʱɫӣ֪ǰ¶ˡʱһϻûУ߶š
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ͣ½Ųˮߣľ㶵ؿԼʳָ
ոձָ
۾ոհ꣬ˣǻ¶
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ʱеֻһǻֻͣǸ裬ûٱ£һӾͱסֽš
üһһ£ÿֻһű
ʱҹͣʮ˴үүֱ֪ЩŽһţԼĴ
֮ͻͽЩҲûٰæ
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ⲻӡ
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ôΡ
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ֻ۾Ｘ»𣬴Թһֱô
ʱ䣬һֱǸ߸ϱһע⵽Ķ΢΢˺
λǵոǸһģһ
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ҹһ¹СԱȴߣԼָһЦˡ


10 

תͰֲ˸Ľ
һˣǵһγһȺ
ȻֻһСС¿ڱԵĺ
ԱˣϿ˯˸þ
ȻҹǸظΡ
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㲻ɴֱʴ۾ƺʲô֪С
ϸһ£ÿٶµջ
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ٺѧУܶ¶ҲͬϵСͬѧģСͬѧȻƽϲͬѧ֪ܶ¶ֱǸֵ䡣
һӦÿֻҪӲ˶ȥ̽һôҲ벻׵⣺ǴĶġ
Ȼһ24СʱӲʱʵ١
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11 

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С⽵ڶ쿪ʼһˣСûļš
ոһգֻһ硣á
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䲢ںʲôԡ
б⣬ʣС˵Ҫҵȣʲô˼ҵȣҾͻ𣿡
ۡ
ڸովͼװڿ飬һ䵽˵ϡ
һҪ˵ı飬˵䣬ĿԣҪǲүүѹġ
俴ˣСƺЩǰ֢ЩĲɡ
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Сȸһ仰ͷˡ
Ǹһĵ񣬶Ҫú
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һ ҪԣܶͬѧûʱȥʳãУ԰ſȥˡ
ҿڴڣ˵˸ӵĴ壬ֺֿóԡ
óԵģ֪ûϷǺ˵Ǹʲô͸һȥˡ
ߵУ԰ſڣһǿҵ
УƺſӦǸŮӵ
ǣҿֻŶӵӣͬѧǣһ黶ЦǮ̯ӣ͹Ĵ塣
ûʲôѹŮ
˳ķѰ˹ȥУ԰ſһϻ£ȻվһŮ
һǻŭǴŮﴫݹġ
Ҳܲ죬ŮֻǶ£û˵
·Ůĵ
ȺһɢȥųԵģЦţ׷ţǸʷϵУߣԼĸԭſء
ǰǵ˵Լĸţⲻƭȡѧô
ĳԹϵᣬֻҪģԹԶںʱ֧Ĺٱѹ˿ޡ
һֱվ¡
ܺ棬ӶѣЩҲ̫ͨˣϢĶġ
߽һŷ֣ӵ̯λ˸ֽӵӣŤŤ۱֡
ڼӡMУʷϵĸףлл
ܹоԱǸǿˣţһţ㲻Ұ֣


12 
ͫ
ٽĲ
㲻Ұ֣

ո̯λϵֽӣסŮ֡
۾ȥӦʵ˭
ϻŮƺԥͣ˼ӡ
֮˻ش
ҵļ̸
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ǸСѧʱĸΪȶļޡ
֮󣬲̸ƺĶ򣬲ñ뿪
ĸ֮ǰӼ˳ȥĸ˻ᣬ뿪Ǹļҡ
֮󣬿ѣһ֮˴ѧ
Ȼ˴ѧ̸֮ͻȻˡ
޳ܵһδθҪǮҪûаѪԵϵĵܵܺûйذһ죬ĸһ𶾴ļ̸
ûǮˡѾݹˡÿֻһͷûǮˡߵشݸ䡣
Ȼ俴˿ϻԱվŵŮѾ´Ҫҧˣȴûʵʷһ
ϸÿһߵʹ࣬ߣ˵ΪʲôȷĹʵġ
Ȼһ£벻ס
ǣʵΪʲôǮΪʲôͬѧʦ߱
Ҳ֪ǸѾʹ
㲻ֱ֪š
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Ůƺ֪ǸԱ˧У䡣ֻǺԱ
㲻֪֪ʲô˼Щˡ
ÿιվǰҪŵʱֻҪһ۾Ҿʲô˵ˣֻ˵ĻȡеĻ˫͸ŮѾ޵Ļû
һ仰׽ˣɫġֻҪһۣҾֻǮ
ƺˡ
ԶԶȥǸԳ׵ˣȷһֱǲģһֻۡ
ֻǸ̫Զ俴ɫ
Ѿεʱ䡣
ӵ̯λǰ棬ûŶˡ
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˼ӵ̯λǰ棬΢΢ûȥǸǮĴ塣
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ι衭ûüǮƱӴĴ壬ָҪڴȴͻȻסۡ
ҵ۾ҵ۾ҵͫĶһصǮͻȻ˫ڵϿʼҶˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ȼʲôճͫϡ
Ȼֻ˲ˣ̸Ҫҵ۾۾
ʣʣʲôأ𣿡ָԼۡ
ͫ͵ҵͫڵϵĴ壬ոջһͷĺڷתۼ׷ȾһͷϵۿɼĶѻ
һʮĴ壬һ˲˸׷ɣۿo࣬ʮͷӡ
㲻ĸסԶЩ䲢֪˵仰ʱѾҫɫˡ
ͷӹػش𣺡á֪ˡ
˵꣬ͷ·ϻȴӲʶŮһ仰û˵Դ뿪ˡ
û¶ˣ鷳ˡȥϿΰɡתƽظŮ˵һ仰ŮҲһͷá֪ˡתѧ¥߿ˡ
ϻϵĻȸòײסҪը˵㡣
ߴߴ磬侲ͻؼǼȸ۾ƬǸʲôɫ̫϶ǸճСô
Ѿ˵ˡͫ
磬֪ȸҲŷ
׼ȥͷûٸȸ͡
ȸ̾˿Ҫļȥͷֻһ취һҪ÷ҩˡ
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䷴Ӧܿ죬ٻصѾԼͻȻճ۾Ƭܸʲôˡ
ֻҪۿŶԷ˵Ļƺͳ˲Υ
Ϊʲôܲļ̸ˡ
Ϊ֤ڽҺ棬һ֧ԲʣȴԱ߲Ϥͬѧ˵ܸһһԲ𣿡
ƽʱǸֶûҪȻԱߵͬѧֻ˵ͷͰѱʸ˹
˵ͬѧܻ𣿡
Աߵͬѧûа֣ƤӶûգһ£ֵ˵ͷԹԸ˻
θȷˣΪճľƬһĶĻƺ
۾ȥϴ˰ȴʲôҲûûò
ûмȥΪҲǵãոӵĴ壬ϵľƬһ˲˸ͷӵӡ
һ磬һͼݲģϧֵ۾ƬѧУĲûҵؼء
ֱУ԰ˣŶͬѧ·һߡ
ƫƫʱһֱĵ绰ˣȺС
ڿˡȥͲ𣿡һûгƺĵ绰úͻȻ
ѽϴγС͵ͻһǰܿĵع˵绰
첽ϻȥݵһ¶վӡ
ɫġŮǾ仰Ȼǵá
ȻԼƽʱû
Աſ˿ۣûʲôͫȻڰ׷ɫ
žӣƺ⣬΢΢ǡ
⣻
֮ǰһҩͨʱܳһˡ
֮ܽǰȸһֱߴߴس磬үү˵ˣͫǵͼȻԸ˴Ըͨȴ㹻ˡֻҪͫʹһͨˣ㶼ᵢһӡ磬ɲܷȥ
ſˡСȸ֪ܻӭنʲôˣֻεطˡ
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ܲ˵Ӿ磬սĿҲСãֱԼȽˣ˵ɡûЬ
û˵ֱӽˣϡ
Ӿ翴úͶ룬ֻ۾һֱŵӻҲתĵСС磬֮ǼͲͰ켱ѽ
ʮ֮󡣲ʵ档Ϊ̫ǿˣҩҲֻʱһʱ䣬պʮӡ
Զܵ͵òؿڣŴŴǸµĺӣʣС磬ܰҿһǸյһһֱر죬ŵûˡ
ʽյţ٣ȻѾһˡ
Ѱָķ㿴յ
Ȼһ̧ͷĸʲôյȴһֻ˸ҫͫ
һ˫˵һһֻۺڰ׷峺࣬һֻȴ˿װ۵װ
񿴼һֻ󽾰ֽƻĸ߼è
һ˲䣬֪ˣϵˣϧˡ
ҡñժˡŴټ죬硣ʢҹһͻ꣬ˣ¶һҲ
ôҲ벻ʱͨ˵Ȼ˫ϤһӶ㲻ˡ
̧첲ԸժѼñʱ
ӻҲӦպһѿɡ
ǰɺ쳾˵ĲǵתĻȷϹ񡭡
ȴ֪ǲ˶Եˡ
ٽĲ
С磬ôˣᡣ
л˵
עáڡʷɽʣֿ
ǰɺ쳾˵ĲǵתĻȷϹ϶Եˡ


13 
ٿ
Сҧҧû
ôˣѾ
Ȼǡǡ峺øϤ
ҿ㣬۾˶ѡСĻȻʵҲͦʵڡ
ˡ
Լܣϲٿոյȷ
ҲͼṹϿͨ˲գ۾һط10ӣͻˮ

ЩȻ֪
ǣСְ̧Ѽñժ¶һʱ䷢ȫһ
󣬲ףһҲѿ
ûԭκμ䣬ȫģΧԹɫһҵʺ淽ʽֱǰһźʵ˵
С
絶̵ʯ
ͦıоǧơ
ΪϬһ˫Ȼӣ𵶽ʱȼ糺ӡ
ĿҲʵƺܱĳӣЩֱӡ
ʱһ˫Ѿס۾
ǣ䲢˫ʪ۾֮飬Ҳ˰ɡ
ĿӦûм˫۾ڤڤȴʶĸо
̲ס̧֣ȥסСۿҪۿ顣
˵ȣȻû
̧֣Щע⵽Сһī˫üƺһ¡
üü崦һէһȴǳɫ̺ۡ
ýЩ̺ۣǣ̺ۺֺܴۣ뿴ȴֱӡ
Ծ䣬޳ʳָۿҪ̺ϡ
ʲôü壬һֻһ̧ס
ޡжҰȡ˵ţСԴһȡ˲ڵġָһ࣬ѿеˮһСոСͷʲôƵġ
ɿ֣˿25ӣʣ޿յ𣿡Զҵ¶ֻҪܱܿ˫һӡ
俴С˿յ¶
Ȼ©ɫ󷽷ŲӣСԱߣ˵ǵءǣҪ˾ͻ˰ɡˣԹ𣿡
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һ԰ɡһЦֻȡһ˫ӹ
ʱۻ˸ǼĻҲֻ
ÿ춼СͲͣΪֻСĲͣóԵУȺġ
ͷ˹ȥһð棬ҪţƫƫСҲʱÿ
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ΪǾ䡸ҡûʱҪĿԣ̫ˡ
ܲˣôһڿιȥĻܲˡ
ܲǰ͸ģ˵εˣں޼䣬ֻһСؤһει档
̫˽ǸˣǸʥ֪Ӳ˳ԹĶοһͬһ档
ôһ߿䣬һ߰һȥͬʱһֻ棬ͻȻһҡȣɴһ泯Լķ˹
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Ϊۼֿ죬һס˻ȥ롣
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ǣһַëϣ̧ͷСЦЦʣû̵ȲһЩȥˡҰһ
ոնŵ㣬ô䣬Ըذ΢ֿһ졣
ĸ첲첻ȥֻŰСˣһżͷ˵һ飬ٰȲһЩԣſ
ݺҧ˫ְס˫ϥǰſˡ
Ǻɫ޲ӣȾȥʵҲԡ
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Ȼģʱѱ굽𳵺ˡʱָˣԼ¥ըˡ
ȵȣһ¾ͺáԼ΢΢۽ޣİַŵë档
ԼҪĶˣݲȵʱŵͷƤ飺䣬ˡˡ
֪Ҫʲô޴ӵֿ20ӡֻܾô߲ؿ䣬ѾһҧѾѪ
䲻Ըñ˿ϵܣ̫ӦСһֱ۾̧ͷ˵ȱҡ
һ飬ȵ仰ͷĹͳ̵ڸ첲Ͽʼ֡
ͫɱô׶ˡ
ͫǸСǧǰճССһʼǿɻ˵ʶ
һʶתƵһϡм䷢ָõļԥ
ԣʱļ̸תƵϡ
һˣټ϶ԸСܼ򵥣ǰ󲻹ӾͿ̺ˡ
ţۿ˿Сʪ͸˵ĿӣƺѾˡַٰϣһӿƲ÷˶ס䲻һٵĴ¶
ǣɴʪëֵݹȥһëС̧ͷ˵СԼɡ
ͻȻע⵽Сһһڳ
ֻһո۾ﵶ⽣ӰĻǻţһᱡķ˲ӿ˳
ͬʱע⵽ˣСһֻ۾ǡǡۣʱ˸ҫ۵⡣


14 

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ע⵽Сһֻ۱ɫϻ£ǸŮһģһһֻ۾ɫġ
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ԣһֻֻȸǣǱָ˻
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Ҫһ˫ҧˡϱͨ졣һ˫һӼֱС
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㲻öҲ㣬˵طȻ˵㻰磬һƬˮء
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رϣⲻһδˣʹĿǣ˵ԼѰɡûˣҲ㡣
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ȻҲǵãһֱҪȥջǳסˣȥٿ˵䣬·ˣȥ
ʹ۾ϴһӣҲظ֪Ѿʼѵһɫıɴ
ƽʱأȴܲ˱վڰϣ֡ǰѵȥˣȵ
ɴ࣬Լһ˽ȥ


15 
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дݻ⣬ֲð񣬲Ȼױˮϡ
ֱҪȥˣ󱳵ı޺۲һһֱʱѾ
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Слôˮϵң峺úúлл㡣͵Ұڶɴϵֻûٰء
ڳ۾īڵˮҲһ˫һӣ˫һգǵķҡ
ڰ˰ǰǸСʱŲӸ߹䣬ʲôСá
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˵꣬һ˦첲ߣȥ£һְ˵˸ӳ˳صףԼͷؾ߿ˡ

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Ϊͨˣʮӡֻʮˡ


16 

ѣһοˡ
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ָ˵㣬ëΪָһͻȻȥˡ
ţ뵽ͼݿ飬ģͺŵѣƺ䶯ġ

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ȸȰҲȰһֱųſڣ˵ŹӡڽȥʡɻСҲô죡
ͫʷ
̫ͫûë˵ˡι磡ȸòÿˣΪѾ塣
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һҸ첲ƺյʲô˿߲ţקûǰߡ
Сǰһ̧֣ܰյɸӡ
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ϾС̫Ҫˣÿ컹ͿȺԡ
ǣɴ˴ϡ
СЦЦ˵С磬㶯졣յþûˣٺ٣㿴һŪ꣬֡
̧ۿ˿ûȫϵĿյðŨһѾһɹðŲҲҺԭʼʯһĶ
С磬ȥһ¡ʲô氡øҳһ𣿡ע⵽Сյ߿ŵˣһ̧ͷҲ˿յ濪ʼðźһƬĹֶ
ոյĴУһѣŵСҲԥˡ
ɴһ̧첲žָڿյϣյͽ˪ʵˡ
Ϊ˷ɢСעյ߿һµ´ЬûƵСǰ棬ʼԤ׵ڷˡ
С磬ˣûŮѰ۽һھʡ
ʵûһɡ
ûСơ
ѣһοˡ
ʵǣҲûŴһϵ⡣
ڵӾѧϰΣʱöԷɢ
ڣֻҪǰС𿴿յС
ɹˡ
ȻǰСûлͷֻ۾ûС
ϵû޹֣û֪
벻ôˣһһͻȻЩ⡣
ڱſյʱֻвһˣֻͷȷһ£ڿյĻ޹ǲǱ䶳סˡ
ۿСҪͷˣ䲻ϺںģһѰסСļͻȻ˵ǣҿ𣿡


17 
Ӱ
Ҳᱻԡ
ҿ𣿡
ʵŴϧ˵仰ʱ䶼ûˡ
Ѿʼָٶפһӣܰӵˡ
ԭǰһӣ㻹ǻͷƳۿյýʵŷĵŲ䰴ϵ֣һ˳ȥ

СŶ
ǵãӾŮ仰˵㾾סģҲʱסˡ
ɺá
һ仰ڣʲôҲûסûܵסСͷۿյˣȾˡ
˵ڵʱҲĵģ³ûʲôɥĸо
ǣһӱܾˣٻЩʧġ
صصǣǱͿܾģ˸Ѿܵˡ
̧첲ոոմúһںСҲԭɫովǸ
һ̧ͷյǸӡӣЩںĶȥˡ
ӣ¶Խ
Դֻ֣һŵ׶Ϊˣֻøˡ
ûʲô취ȡůڵһ棬һӿˮҪˡ
Ͻ˫ϡãСķȻôů͡
ֲɿˣ봵˴Ҫһ
ͻȻϵֵ
һȦȦģէһʲôͼġ
ˣϸ˿ƺǸ֡
˼ʲôء
Ű͹ʾֲױϣ΢΢ü
ֵ˼ӡ
á
׼ˣǸá֡
ô棬һǸóԵɣ
ôһ룬һšŵü̿ˣһ￪ſȻ档
һ˳Գ˶ĵôĻȸһҡͷ
磬ˡŴǸá֣˼ֻˡȸųڴȰ
û˼ֱ˵ⰵʾ˭ҲҲã˹˵ġ
û
磬ոҶˡġҸͰʮˡѣ㷢ֱ䶳˿յ㵽û˵
ȸߴߴɵҼ磬żһûĵˣԸһĵˣһ仰ĥһ
ֲ˵ֱ̫ףֻһζȰ治ȥ
ڶǳˣ
С͹ؼ壬޿յһޡ磬˵ĻҶסˡ
ǻߣһֱŴ棬ûת
ߡٸʾһߡһǾɿյжˣ޵ҲҪ͹𣿡
޹ֲûΡûȥүүŰĦצӵĵ̺Ӻˡ˻֣ûٶ˵
֣ΪϰߣӾˣͱгһʡ
ʵ͹ֲͬһȺ塣
ļߣֵļ͡
Լʶͬһ֮Ρ
֣һ͵Ⱥ塣ûԼʶҲûΡ
ƯںĸȻҲɻȴûԼжʶ
ȸһֱϵȸһסӴĶֻ࣬ټһȺСֻ¡
һץһȺСִȥŸϽؼȥˡ
գǷԵģ˷¿յĺ¶糿鲻
ֻϧ͵ʱСһתܵˣ¶˵ĻᶼûС
ѧ·ϣһֱ¶װ·˸ۣСûб˱׹
ںи׼̧̧۾һ˵䣬үүҽУڲ̸Իû˸ұ׹
ΪСˣʲô˵ʲôôû׹㼱̸¶ɡ
ޡҵˡô¶۽һգͷˡ
˼ԸԸ̸㵱ʱô˵ѽˣ׷ʡ
֪ҲһڸҲںô¶Ƶģ˵ϲˣһȾܡ
ۡһʺƫбպ˽ڵͷϡ
ǵģʲôô۾ϹʺҪְ̧ڸϽԼͳ־Цžܾ䡣
һʺǼҵģʹҵģǱˣԴɾǶˡ
ڨڨЦЦſ쵽ѧУˣûٶʡ
ѧУÿϽĶ鱾Ҳеģ߲ǴĶġ
һĴˣûܵġ
һɰ㷭ҳӡĶͬѧǣỨϴȥƴһ顣
ЩûȴŬͬѧϿһֶҹ
ЩӣŪףνһ켼ֻһ˼ľ֧
һֱûͷҲݡȥජҡ
䲢ЩСջ
һֱСѲ٣ˣСʱʱͻͻȻʧ
ԣֱ䣬СһҲܣҲʱʧܣҲǱġ
ʲôŪԲż
ڸżǣôһЩƬԼϵҲշͺˡͲŵСˡ
ԣ˴ΣҲȥʲôϰˡ
ɴͼ׷һЩͼŵի̸顣
һ׷ֱ俴ͼݹš
ǰ˵ˣﻹо飬һ·ԽԽ
ͻȻ䷢ѾͣˣϵӰȴڼ쳤
̧ͷһյͨ·ơ
˼һ·ƵʱͻȻͣ˽ŲȴӰûɲסһԶˣ˻νһ
ôֲԾˣӰˡ·վŵǰ˫ֽ˼أЩꡣ
үүСʱ͸߹ҲܸӰ棬һˣҲᱻԡԱߵĻȸ·һȦһ̧ͷҪըˣϽ˵磬嶯⸽ͨˡ
·档
ˣԭת˸Ȧ˵ӰӸûʲô仯Ŷԡ
üһӰӾȻ̣շ磬ԼӰ衣
ҿպм·˲磬ҵӰӶǹؾصģߡ
ʱŵµӰӣҲע⵽ˣɵû
·ԶˣŻ̧ۣȻϵӰȴ棬Ȼ̧ȡ
磬ãӰѾˡλȸȻˣһͷ㲻ˡ
ཡССĦһ滮ҹ


18 
׽Ӱ
ҪͬʱӰȫغ
ĦеһͷͿСѾͣ
Ȼһ£ȻƽʱŵСϻ˼ɫԱףһɫͷ
·ԶһЩ·վվӰܿһ㡣
մֳ̧Сڰ֣ȴϵӰûͣǰֱֻ˺档
䶥һų΢ϮЦ𣬴󷽷شкС磬ôأͲ·ϣ
СֻͷժͷĹע⵽ӰŤţڶǰСȻŹ⣬ȥˡ
Ӱ˭죬ȻԴ
û취ֻС߿ЩܾСעⲻӰӡ
ǡ
ͳѾͷժûѼññӺͷڳ
ǣΪˡ
̧ۿ˿˧С·һ˫۾ڰ׷峺ɣ̽׷ʣС磬˵㲻Ͳ·ϣ
š
ǡ㲻ҵİɡʵò̫ţϾʱСһͷصܡ
ǡûκ
·£ٲȻѾӰˡ
ΪǰСԶԶǿڹӰӣһ˫ǻ۾ܻؿ̲ס˰벽
ڨڨЦЦͷŴСֿտյģûֽӣҲûвͺС
һӲ֪ôһϧ˽ˣЩʣС磬Ҹʲôѽ
ϵıѵҵСǰһӦϽ֣أ˵ңɲҵ𣿡
һӰӶûһΣһûסȵ캰˳
һ˲䣬·˶ͷ߿˹
»˻Ĩ˰Ѷϲеĺ˸С˵Ŷ
ԡһֻҲһȲ£վֱ䲻һߵľ롣
Ĩ˶ͷûзֱϡ
һԡŵǵ㣬ô֡ҿԳ㡹ǸԡѹȸС
ʱܵ˿ǰǿѹʵֹһ䣬·Ѿ˼ֻȸһֻȶŵè
үүҪȥһ°ɡⲻʧ˰ɣСȸǽǣվסˣųһֻȸһߴߴ
ڣ¡׽Ӱץèèצһ죬ֱӰСȸ
׽Ӱץëʲô˼үү㲻ǸңӰܸô׽أСȸҿ֪˭ˡ
û׽ӰӰǧˣץסףҲû취ǰϻȸһֱ·ˣΡ
үүô׽Сʱ㲻Ǹ˵ӰᱻӰȥôѽ᲻ʧǰСȸȲˣųȸ
ڣ㰲Ҳǧ꣬Ȼ֪ӰƢèСȸߴߴ
ëΣ²ףӰѾǸǱġӰûģǧκβǡ
ȸ˶٣һȸһֻè۾
ǣԼ˻ű˴˵֣ͬʱñ˴˵Ӱȫغϡ
ôܣϻȸ˵꣬СȸѼ
·棻
䲻Ծֺһ
ᶶ˶۽ޣһ˫һЩƮƣЦЦ˵ǸллҰ⻹ǹأҪæɡ
価뵽˵ķʽһͨͲֱӸˡΪÿȺȻůЦݡ
ʵȴǱȽµӰӶӰ֣ѱ˪һƬ𣿾㽻ܲڿʼԼɡ
Ҳæǰһ֮ոտճľˡ
ûٸʵʱ䣬ʹŵȿ˿ڣҽ㣬أȻҪӦ֪˴˵֡
ͲˣȵȣҪ
ﾪȵСһð˳С簡мôһ˵㲻ܵúܿʱЧˡôͻȻ֣˼ˡ
Ȼ仹ǸĶŵĴѧԾȵ˵㣬ءһֱͲ֪ͣҵְ
ܿ˽⣬ЩƱذ˵؆䡣ѹ˼Ҷͷ䡹֪ĸ𣿡
˭뵽ǰСǸ׽ûѣһ䣺š䣬ǿʼɡ
⡪⡢Ȼأ̧۾գգﻢ£ҲҲǡ
ĵ˾䣺ô㿪ʼ
۾ҽ㡣СʹŻصܺһңҪˡ
Ȼд档
ȻЩֲ壬£㿪ӰӣͶ㿪СĸҪĸ


19 
ص
һֱǵⰮĶӡ
۾ҽ㡣
£·ϵȩ̀צӣȸ̧˳򶼰۾ˡ
үүë϶ʧǣǲӶֻСȸż·ڸͣ
ڣǼȲҲסȥżͨ·ڸߡȩ̈èצСȸԴϼȸë
ǡëʲô˼ƽʱչǼèɡ㲻æҪ۵ˣûСȸ˵꣬ϻȸһ˹
ڣ죬ë˵ȥͨڸϵ˪֮ʹȻᱻˡ
ϻȸ˵꿴Сȸûߣ˾䣬ȥɡͨ˿ǡҸë·½˽磬һ׽Ӱ㻹СȥҲá
СȸѾˡүүǰܱ˵㻹С
Ҳ°æ磬үүĸ߹֮ʣҲˡ
֮ǰû˵ĵطɡ䰴¸첲ô̹ǣڻ򻹴¡
ǣ䶳硣ﶶ˶򣬰ϻȸȥ·ˡ
ʱ·档
СĻǿ·ģԥˡ
ǸС磬Ҫ㿴·棬ҶءŴŴسСգգ۾
šǿҵֳ֡ȶأÿһֶɡ
䣺Ƕ۾Ĵ˰
С΢΢۽ޣһ˫˧ȻȻƱˡ
һ뵽˵Ӿĸ߹ڣ̲סһӰֶֻ̧ߣʣС⡢㣬ǴҪ𣿡
ӵͻȻһƲ۽΢ЦȴЩƦô㣿
æ֡
÷Ͼ͵÷ϣûؾ͵ûؾǳһ߳һˡ
䣬۾תȥֻ뱧һ¡ɶûҪи֣ͨĲͨĴѿʼģʽ
̧첲ӷңһëô
ѾŬŬˣˢ粻ܡƫƫû龰
ѵ˽ĻǲѵˣҶֿʼ
һŲŽŲϵӰɣҲųһţƺҪϿ֡
ûĥתɴһȥվ
Ųŵ鲽ͣˡ
زС˶ЬѾЬϡ
Сĳɫ˶ʱ֮䣬ͬزĵ·ĦҲϸ΢
ûб۾·ȻϿŵˡ·ϣҲ֪ôˣȰ˻ࡣ
ȻҶҴҸ·ƺûκ˵߶࿴һۡ
ˣѵǴʱĶڳĺͨ
ҲǣѧУ԰ÿδ濴мǹһʲô¶š
仹˼ʱ򣬵ϵӰһɫǳˡ
ΪӰŹ⣬ŹԴŵģα·ƣûע⵽Ӱɫı仯Ȼע⵽ˡ
ڼţҪӰӿص
ӰʵʵǶű׽ǳġӰӱ䵭˲ҪҪֹƻˡ
ٵȥΪͨ˵Ļᱻƻ󡣱ϾǿᶨҲΪ紫еа
ЩĲˡ
̧֣ᰴһëԴ
ͻȻֱӰ˹ȥԲ࣬ߣ˵䣬۾ϡ
Ȼת˲İ߶ͨ쵽̣һֱǵⰮĶӡ
㲻俴Ӱ۾
ֻҪӰӵ˲䣬ԾͲʧ
ŵϵӰӣС͵͵ȥƳ۵šһŵӰӡ
ʱԼԼ䣬һŭɭ˵䣬˲ţǸаġ
գգ۾ͼȥϸѰ
ˣֻҪ㡭ԽԽˡ
ʲô
Ҫʲô
Ҫȥѯ
һֻůĴָǵǰȣȵ˾Щ
Ϯڻغ
ţû˯ȥСһֱֻֿ
ֻ֪̫ůˣʧˣʹʮָۣҲû˪
ԼķӦЩٻոǸֵǿ˫˳㡢Ҫʲô
ǿѹȥ˸ող˯ȥ᲻ÿٿһľżһٿ䡣
㿪˵ˡ
䣬ҵ֡ҽ㡣һֱҵ𣿡
ʹŵͨĶĤȫֻƽͨѪҺƺҲŷȵ
㡣
ֵǣⲢİ·ǰ֪
ţ衪㡣
㱻һһδͼӡļ䡣
ڲܷ
ϵӰѾŤоӽƻΣԽԽƺڰѣƺƿأӰҲҪˡ
Ҳ۾ȥϵӰӡǰ仹ĴĺϣӦţ䣬䡣
ӺȻһӰ
һѴøˡ
䣬¡
֮۾ϸŵһֻҲŲˣСŲĴ˳Ÿ첲ֱߣֱֿס֡
ʱ˫ʮָۣ䱻СִֻӺ滷ǰ
֪¡ǸʲôСϽŵֻͻȻСһ
·һ˲䣬ǽ֯һ
ʱ۾ǽµӰѾȫصһ𣬷·ֻһˡ


20 

ֻһĨ΢ЦҲĨȥ
۾ȫˡ
ɵŵֵӰӡ
ȻβûͷܿµӰˡ
µӰû֮ǰˣһֻصͨӰӣ·ͶӰķڽűߡ
ΪʲôСһỽ֣ϵ˿ûɼøˡ
ĵĽǵϣż紵һƬƣ÷ǿʼûס
ͻȻ¼ϸ꣬һ⡣
ûͼȥѿСĻ
һαڻԭԺů͡
ΧȥҴҵ·ˣû˭ںǣǵĿռѾֹˡ
ûٶ룬±۾
ϣСԽԽˣǰϵҲԽԽˡ
ʱ·档
ëôŲԾţȥȸ·棬βϵȸ
ȸٵȵȣȥﲻæӰˡӰûȥèһ˦βסȸ˵ոգ۾ʱѾӰתƵԼҪӰֱˡ
ӰڵȷǱˡˣһûȥҲʧԡ
ȸ˵ŻѾſ˳򣬡һȥ·ߡ˪֮ʹܻβپ
ƽʱԶԴ漸ֻϤ˵㶼ü
ڣѾעⲻˡ
ΪӰЦаԡ
Ӱī֭Ĵײײˣջǻ־ۼһ̲īҺ
㲻һͬھɡǱЩͷˡ
졣غǳ⡣
㲻ΪҽΪΪ˰ɡӰͻȻһһһ仰и㣬ҷųȥԺԶԶġ
ÿһӰнľͱݺݾסһѡ
Ӱƻһףһס
˵ŻĹѾһΧסࡣԣǰһһӰ֮
ʱֻܰ
һֱ֣һ˫Ŵûаֱ˪ҰȼΪյ䡣
ԥ֮䣬ѾӰһźӰ˿ҲᱻӰõ
ǺЦ˼Ȼһ񡣱ˣ޴ڣβܣû֣аħۻ֮ԶǡӰɭЦųβ
һ
ܸӰжţǴɣȻ֪
ҧҧûлӦ
Ϊ͵һƤңǸιϼڳԵģΣܾʰһЦ
ⲻ͵Ƥҡ
ΪӻΣ⸱׾Űˡ
ȻţûȥӦӰƵ
ôһ˵ˣǺǡ
Ӧһ£ЩƵӰģƴѰŷ϶
Ӱһǧǿаۻĸ磬ʱܲס»ȣһźڵš
ͬϻûа񣬳ޣʡ
ȻӰĵףҵһ˿϶
һ˽ȥҲ˲ɭȻţϡΪ˸ԭ䲻һĨ滵ء
ұ죡䲻ǣһӶûͣ٣ͻȻŭ
ȷֻ죬ѾܼƾӰôŻԭգıԣһƬ顭̵£Ժں
ǣᵽ䣬һֶ̲ˡ
֪ǼƣǻӦˡ
թӰõ˻Ӧ̽ĵĸˡ
ԣ˹ܡ
ӰͻȻ̽һ֣ڤ֮ڤ
ڤڤء벻ֻڤİ¹⡣ҪЦң㾹Ȼ
ĵףԸһι
Űǰ˼࣬һӦ޵빬
˭ƫˣһʰɽִ
Ķɽ˲ҹϢĻ𳡡
¾յ˻ͨ죬ȴӶԶԶġ
޹ҵڤ¶һæ־ͱѵˡ
ƫƫʱվһ췣Ĳ¡
һǧꡣ
ʱոСⳡаԼһϹֻͼԼ㣬
˵Щ棬й޴ڣƽʱڶɣؼʱ
һŻߣһߺֻһһ¾
Źһһ˳
һӰһֱŨвȴ벽
𺣣ǵѩ˪İڡ졢°ڶȼ
ȻúխȳᣬŻ棬һоԵӢ쪡
ڷ֮˪ǹһϨ
Ļ棬һûСͻȻ԰˷Ľ
Ȼһ֮ûһ
մˣȥǰһƬдеɽֻʣ޾Ľ
½ƣϢڻðŨ̵ʱõûһ˿ο
Ƭپŵ»겢֪ʱİ֮
ǴŷߺҪֻһļƷ顣
֣ɫѪҺšһ
ɫϣϰֻ˹һжȼĨһȵѪ
ԽԽ࣬ߴԹޣҪǰĲѪͼס񣬸ⳡһѪ
£Թһ֡
˪֮֮ס
һ̧룬ȻҲ顣
ֻǣⳡ鶼̫޹˼ָײŵ
䲻һ˦ӣٸǵ顣
һֱڵȣڤˣЩܵõЩٿ԰
ȻһȥˣһֱԱ߹ŵСѾѹƹȥ
ǵൽɼڿɣ䣬ڷ߿ۼ쵣Ѫȣһ㲻ˡ
ۿǵ¼ţСվ˳ȼһ棬ֱȼ˰ϵǡ
ŭȣû۾Ҹǡ˻𣬾Ƭءͳͳҹ
飬ηѾʱ޹⣬ȴǳЦˡ
ֻһĨ΢ЦҲĨȥ
ճŵѪھͰⱾһؽʥİ»ָȾһ˿ۼ
Сϵ䣬룬Ҳϵ
ϾһμС
Ȼ΢Цŵ䣬һ˫Ưһƺûо۹⣬ֻ˵ڤ֪һġҵȵˡ

·¡
ͨ·ˡ
･̹ǣһӶٵˡ
һ˲ȼ𣬼дһǻŭڵĻȼپǸڤֵӰ


21 

İ취ת뿪
·ɢ˳ĵӰԺոջģһ·һҲӰ
ܱů᲻ô⻳ȥǣѾֿʼ˴˪ĴС
ͷ˿С֣ǽڷһ˫ԱЩ˺졣
ǵѧУҲżͬѧûӦ
ƿСպСҲʱɿ֡
Ͻִ㶵ĬлͷСһӡ
ϿϹǿԿʼСɿ˻˫ۣʲôҲû˵תҪߡ
䣺
㣬ȵȡֱӺС֡
ţ
һСʲô飿šˣͲ˲Ҫһҵӡ
۾ҪȷûʱСЩͷı飬żֵĿʣ㣬ûʲô¶
ʱոȼչƽﺬӰΡ
ӰԿ磬䡣
ӰΣƺӰıһ䣬һ㻯
ëηŽ֮취ȥͷ
˼ƻһһ᲻á
ͣ治Ͻ׼ȥ
šû죬ɴһͷֻӦһ֡
ЩˣҲըëʱ
һסСĸ첲յסҲǾװһװŻŴȵȡС磬ܹ˵Խɣ
һֻ첲һѣۿɼҪɱˡò첲ů˳˵ͷš
̧ץüһ֣Щڡ
˲䣬ֻһڲ·û
޳ָ˶С첲¡ļ⡣俴Сʵͽص˵ͷĪ룺װɡ
ָ΢΢˵ŵһţ̣ⱭţѾǶʵݵıˡ
ǣСʵĸ첲ϷǵûŻͦȺ
䰵нžֻҪֲɣСܲ
ǣһתһ˫˶һתɫ裬С磬ôȻʼˣձһ¾Ҫߣ
С˵ʹ߶ڻƿ
汻Ϸ˺쳱㣬ͷ̧
ֶ߲㲻ֻ̧۽ޣššü˫˵һӣӦţ
䣺ֻһ֣ҾͲţ
ָЩٿúִ׷ʵʲôšְͰܹ˵ԡҲɡոջҽءбһתܵģѵӦûбô
ʵҲָʲôġֻһ£ͻȻתҪߣ仰ûСȷ̨ͦģôҲô¶
ûӦﺬŵۿžҪˡ
ӰǧˣΪΣһǻĻȫ˻ȥСؾŪ
ʱһ죬ƴҲɳȥ
ûԼȥֱӰΣӶʲô취ϡ
߸˪ֻ֮Լš
ÿڴ⿴ŵ㣬ȴΣҲֻܿŸżﲻæ
ںòŪһſԿΣȸͨ˳ЧҪƴȥһԡ
Ǽ»ˣҪðˡ
һ̧ͷպöͷ·èһ˫Բӡ
Ҫè
һ룬㷢Ҫȥèİ̡ڴת˲һҽ
ɱģϷèҸֻ̧èצӣ
ëڵźȸҡ󻻸һ˫ûӹ۾
㣬С̧ͷŲͷңôͻȻ̧
ڼ򶨣װһװ¿ɺãʲôҲװסˡ
һվڶ棬ոյͷţ̧ͷˣ˭ܵˡ߶ҪҪôԣĶü۶ˡ
ôһ˵Ͻ䣬Ķˡһ˫۾ţĶĹ˷һ㣬Լǿҵܡ
ͬʱǶۿһ˫Ȼ۾ֱضǲϰߡ
һֱһ˵ţ۾ˡ
㿪ʼװģĺôϴ̣䡭
ǰһǶһ˵ˣΪϵȷ䣬ˡ
ôƣ˭ֲء
˼СҲ֮С
ûԹ⻹ûô
Ӿˢˣ֪ʱ˿̸ø˴ӡ
İ취ǣת뿪
ɿСĸ첲Ҫת
ͻȻԤ׵رСһֻůĴš˼
Ӧ°ѾСŵָۿСӢü۾Ҫˡ
һС˵һ䣬۾
ȵĳУ۾ͬʱһ˫ȵĴ϶Ѹ͵˹


22 
ѩ
ЦˣЦˡ
û뵽·£һû˵ϼ仰ʵСͰ˫ϡ
״Ȼڱ۾֮ûȻȥĳǡ
ǣܷӦ˫СǰһƣͼȥƿǰС
ϵԼ޷Ƶ˪֮
һ֣ͷӦˣҪ˶ɱˡ
ȻǰСûбƿ
һֱֻĺ󲱾ϣҪ˺סˡ
̲ס۾ˣһ˫ʿһ¶ȵӡ
̫ˣˡ
ħ˫Ȼ˧۾·𿴼һִŶֿĿ
ƺС¸Ŀԣ£ҲȻ΢΢ͫ
ָСǰ˫òˡ
ʱСԲ˱˴˸ͦı΢΢ϥб˲䶥ȵ⡣
ͼҧǱСִŵش˽
ֻû¶ȵӫϿ˽ǡ
ƺ˶ѳǣΪõʱ̣ڱ˴˾л̽ŽУȻʱܵģСšӲ˽
һֱڵֿάһǳأƺûɷ
ֱСһֻͻȻǱߣС˽
صĳǳغͻȻɾȻơ
һЭ˷˵̣ƾСĽ㴳ͷΪ
ͨ죬۾Ҳŷŭ۵׳Һɫ
ΪˣСϣһСƬʲôӲǳĺȥġ
һӺѣǵú͸ϣҪȥˡ
˵ģûеӲνѣ͵˼ޡ
ݺݵغ˼ݣ˲Ѫζ
˫޾Ĳࣻ
ǣݺҧסһ۾Ҫˡ
Ҳһ꣬ǻٲ࣬
Ҳ䣬Ҳľ
ȻûĳǿɬģģѪȵġ
ûͣ
ֻҪ취öΣͻ֡
ûȴؿѾȫסˣȻϵֽĺԸʣ˿ڡ
#
俴СѾջȥͷ˰ѹǵѪ̧űӲ˵ؿڣЩ˵ǽС㿪·ƣʱ̬
Ҳ˰ߵѪȻⲻѪ
㣬ҳʲôˣɫʡ
׷翴ĳɹ䣬ǿ£һԷȥĶһʱ˺ܲ߻Եҩ
ͼιҩ֮Сκһﶼʵû취ҹˡ
ҳԵʲôҩ𣿡һЩʻ㣬Ҳӣʵֱӡ
ôˣţ۽ǣ
סˣֻϻǿЦ
ΪһֻŸιΣ˪֮
Ŷסˣڵ俴ֻҪʱů塣
ˣһšҲˡ
ֻ΢΢̧۽ޣգգ۾ףĶˡ
ӻ뿪俴վʱûͷֱСĦȥˣҪ˵һ棬Ѿ뿪ˡ
䣺֪ʲôĿ뿪С
ԣɤСҩƬ̣û취³Ѿڻˡ
˼˼ˮҲ⣬ȻҩˡܷתȥѰ˼ֵĽһ˯Ĳ

űӴ˴ָͻȻò
ϰԵذ˫̧ߣҪȡůĺţûб䷺ס
ѵǵˣôţ˵ӻ
Ԥ˵÷߳±컹Ҫȡ
䶪Ȱ޳ֱָŰ˵ңϣƵˣңûס
ֿͷ»Ŀյ֪ôˣ첢ûȲҪ򿪿յĳ嶯
û£Žȥ˱ţ̡ûףȡţ̱ӣϲطţ̱ӾȻˡ
˿ţ̣֮ҲµģżˣҲᶳסˡ
ǰͨͨƽ¶˵漣ţ̺ȵú
һֶţ̱˴ǰ
Ŵȹ˿һ
̧ڲỮһ
ĨˣȻûн˪
ָЩ΢΢űȻ˼£۵ĲϻƬСѩ
ֿ˿ԼӴŲʳָ͸ŷӨɫǱ䷺ףճżСˮΣСˮһָȻûн
˿ְʳָ˸ոջϵСѩϣԸֻһƬѩ
ѩʱѩﻯСˮΡ
漣ԶôͻȻϵܿɿˡ
俴û˪Ĵ΢΢ǡ
Цһ˫һҲȻ۾ֻͿĲ
⣬Ҳǡ
֪һ˫Ư۾ЦģЦˣҲĵЦˡ


23 

ڤյĸ̡
峿Ĵ⣬ֳ̧ϵĻȸ֡
ڴ߳米һֽӹֽӣһĳüչֲòӣ磬Ҫȥ͸䰡м䷹ˣٺ㣬ȱ߰
û˵꣬ǰѾûˡ
վſڣһ˿Ѿ̧Ҫȥš
һľţϸϸĽŲ
ЩСǷ벻׼͡
죬Ȼǳˡ
ȻŲԵɡ׷ľ£СӦŸǸģֻɴ಻ˣ
ôһ룬ҲЩ׼ѾŰѣҪɴȰŴ򿪡
ˣˡ
Щƽʱ̫һͬʱѾƿˡ
䣬簡С齩Ӳ˫ֱ㲥׼
С㣿俪֮ǰѾ˫־ֽӵ˹
ŶҸո·Ǽſڵʱ򣬸պÿ˵ǸСҪͷڷ˷ʲô˵һ
ôԣǰͷ䲢ûֱȥӴӡ
ǰǸСżƺһõ˺ܶ൥ӡ
ڱƽûͷҲûӹȥֽӣָֻɸɰͰ͵±ҿǸСҲʱӣҲڹѧֲ׵ġҲû¶Ǹ֮
˵˵ţĲԾˣһû¶ſڡϽ̧졣
󷽷Ŵˣһƣºͣ˸̨ףСһ͹ˣ¶ɡ˵
ֻԼŴӽˣӷתѰ˼һһӶ˼ſڵ¶
ûڼдˣϾ֮ǰʲôʲô
Сţ˵֮ãž͸øˣĵ϶ô˵
ڵһˮûһƬ˪ǡ
±ӵĶӯҲʵСʲôѽ
Ϻʾ²˺ӡ˵ڣ򿪴ӵĹ򣬽ھͺݺš˰Լ졣
Ȼֽʵһֽֽӡ
ӣ˵ʲôֵýһ͸ۡ
̧ͷ˰ѶĺΣΪ˲裬Щ˵䣬ġҿСźü͡ôˡtԣ˾䣬ҵģ˵Ϻʾ²˺ӡҲû㳢Ūˡ
ޡģ俴Сć̬Ц
̧ǣݣ֮Ѫ
ǵøտʼ죬һȥѶŵĲţһҧôмֺ£֪ͦСǲǻ˵û˵ء
ԣ˵ġڵ㣬Ѿͷ
۽ƳСûٶʡֽһĸŨŨðľ²˺ӡ
ôءһ԰ɡóһҪݸССһŵķ仡ֱӴϹϺһվһתͷ۴⣬˵ϳԹˡңϺʹԡ
ȻϿëʱ򣬾ֻ֪ûεͨ²˺ӡ
Ȼ׼ģĸһԣҸֽ¸ոյĻʧ̬
ոŤͷ۴⣬ûڴţǿ˿
£Ӻȿˮʱʲô¶űӣŴ
СôˣҲ۽Ƴ۴̧Ľڵļһ
Сȸƣÿϲһ˪ʧˣ
ʱˮĺѼӣÿһ䣬ֻӲͷƤ±ࣺûʲôҾڼϰϺȱˮˡˮµء
󷽣ϲˮȵȡҲбġ
޳ָСˮڱ丽ת˸ȦֹˡһˮѾżžµСˡ
Ѱ˼ţôˣڴ⿴ϵܣôͻȻǷʲô¶
СĹѾȺһ¶ǡ
Сز죬ʵСû˵ôÿζǵɨġ
û
۾һ飬Żڣʱֱɡû˵Ҳ֪
˵ûʣڰԵ˵ͷӦǱ׼Դˣ˿
죬СĻҲˡ
̧˴ǣĴָĨһѣȴĨĴС
ܹʶû죬νѣҲһ֮βˣϽʱ仹졣
˵ԵɣֻͻȻǸÿ׼ֵС룬һЩζĿ顣
ϸСոյһ䲻󡹣ӡڹѧⲻÿ;嵽ˡϺʾ²˺ӡġ͸ӡܡ
СʲôѾ׷ˣСٸСʶģһ㣬Ѿҧ׼ˡ
ʰֽӵĹ򣬹תʵСһ˵ʲô¶š
ھͲҧָҧ־ˡ
˭֪𰸡
һֻӡ
ΪһϽġѧԡɫո޶˸ȸëѧУĴСϵˣ̳䶼һ顣
Ⱥ˿ˮ˶٣ָӣɷнµšü˵䣬㻹֪ɡҾǸϹģϵŽͻȻĹˡȽҽԺ
䣺
֪ŽڣҲ֪ͻȻļǸΣļȷǼʹĵ¶٣ֻǣСΪһϹ
һŽڵʾʹϧһ治̧һСЩӵ˵ŽǿСʲô֪ǣǽҪϰˣ
ûСҪ㣬Žһҷʼ˵ٿݳɼ·ָڣպиĽڡ˵꣬ܲԸĴȡ˼רҵ飬ո͵͵ȥһȸëͬʱʱһѻڵıǩ
һ£û׼鱾мصĶѷ졣
СװϰֱԣɫȻ
ֱ翼Եվʱ䡣
ݽҵĽ̨ǰ棬һλװӢʿܶׯŵƺĴѧ̨Եø䡣
ȸĿͻȻһƬ
˭
ʶǴڰɡ
ܡô˧Ľڡ

ų̂ϵˣǳҵСע⡣
һУ԰˹ŵСȻŷǽܳ˽ңƽʱľٶྶͥ
ŲԶԶ˹ȥ
С˲ûֱӸȥȶĴһһ㱡ϣһС档
䱳ŲССߵǰֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬸߸ݵһûˣֻһֻȸվڴ̨ϣһӴ˳ȥ
ûգ۾ȫ̿ҧҧ´ԭСǿԱֻ
ֲһ˹ѧҲʱţһֻСС񡭡
۽䣬Ŵֹ˿̧һĨϵĽСʧˡ
ϻؽҪ̨ǰոһװѾװˣϣһְֻ˰ڣӽ̨
䱾ƿǰȴһӭסҲʱʵȷۼ˽ﲻٵĿ⣬ͬѧܸһ˰칫𣿡
Ŷڤոոҽܹˣյĸ̡˵ˣһЦݣҲƺƽ׽ˡ


24 

ڤ簡㲻ǵô
ڤڤ𣿡˰칫ңſڡ
ǵġ˰װ׷αϣ̧һãͬѧɡҸ㵹ˮ
ûڤʲô¶
һѧڣǰŽڣҲûһžɳοǸһʶˣѧУʦ
俴ǰ˰ˮˣߵſڣҿŹˡ
ǵǰŽţһֱŵġ
ûкˮҲû£վһԣλڤ輸ϰһݷϡ
ͬѧġҿĸ˼Ҳĳɼһѧ𣬲֪вȤɳϣһӵϣѡúרעֵ̧ݸһװõϡ
ûӹϾЩͻȻڤڣҸѧʱѾһݽѧˡǵҪظȡġллĺ⡣
䣬֪ÿһǧڽǺȥġĳɼ졣ٰһݡдş̌ü۳ЦЦ̧ŵûз¡
ĿԵͬʱ߱ܿˣ֪ΪʲôǰˣЩͷΡ
ûٶ˵ӹϣ˵ϿΣҪת뿪
ͻȻվһס
䷴ӦѸոմ˲Ͱ˦ˣòʵڤڣʲô˼
䣬ֻǱġ𣿡ͻȻһ񿴹һԲ۾
ʲô˺һ
䣬ˡңڤڤһˡһӴɳվһ˫ߺܳĵֱ䲻롣
ǴС÷ڤ簡㲻ǵôСʱϲұŵǧˣҲãҲóġվᣬƹɳߵǰ档
䱾ûļ䣬ǰôһ˵ﻹʱһкӱŵǧĻ档
ְ̧̫ѨЩͷζ
䣬ǲôҪǰס䣬ͻȻűˡ
ɤӣء
ڤڣһĿΣҴȥ¥Ľݽҡŵˣһֽţ˵Żֱƿţûн
ͬѧѧҡѧ¶ϸ˵ϵᣬαϵװף伸뿪˰칫ҡ
#
ڤëˣڣ㿴ˣǸڤ񣿡
ĸڤոҲָֻʹͨ˰ˣԼ䡣ȸҲë׼ţëĳʦñߴߴͣ
ëֱèצһʱȵӹҵ˰̵⡣
ͬʱ¥ĸӴԶˡ
ëڤ˴ѧ᲻ըˣ
ըҲøϽȸߣëֱè
Сȸһ·첻ţëǸڤǸʲôΪʲôҪ䰡׷޻᳡𣿡
;˵ĻҽǰⷬǴɡëһצӣϻȸȥˡ
ϻȸãһèһȸϹ˼ŪĲ壬Ƶ˵ϲܻǱߣָֻںˡ
ǣڤѾеһˡСȸֱš
ϻȸһö²˵䣬˪֮ǻָô㶥ŷ˵ӣҲʹǿòǶǡ
ȸָܻ˪֮᲻ӰЧ˰ѵͨ
СȸԱû廰Ϊʲôܶ˪֮շˡ
ҧҧﲻޣҲڡ
үү˵ô⻹ӰͳȥһƬǶǸ䣬׶ô¶
Ҳı졣ϻȸ̣
ëۺ룬̾˿˵ˡүβҪôϽȥڤ񼮻ڣһ۾ͻʶó֡
ҷɲˡȥҰɡڤսթ磬ֻҪʱϵĽӴܸıԷһļ䡣ȸİ£ֲ˾䣬ӣԿ
СȸŽŲȸһ̲壬ţԿ˵ô˼ڤǽڰΪĺڡǶһվȻĸ߸˧һò˾ܲãʦҽھʦĸãҪȥԱ
ˡʮУг״ԪڣܺԼ졣ǰ˵Щȸû˵꣬ȴԱĻ
г״ԪүүԱ״Ԫ𣿣Сȸƽʱɶ£ӲүүײԴ䣬ֻҪᵽ¶ʹ򱧲ƽ
ԱôˣôУ׼㲻֪ʲôʱģѾʰȸĲ壬ſڡ
׼вͣèèצץ˰һϻС
׼ʽ־˾شزܸ׼ˡ
ڤ
֪ˡ㲻֣ü͸ɣһ̧֣ȸסˡ
ëᲶɣ
е֣ëΣǰһ˵ͷ
ȻôУҪ躣ĺŲĽǹӽİӽϺĵз6ȥȡ
νв㣬˵꣬Ѿˡ
ſֻ˻ԭͷë
ڣ´Ǳ䣬ǵԶңëߣֲ̫Թ
ϾҲ·װһˡ
ûĺȥ㣬ΪҲᾡľһµ
ոܣ˵ֲˡ
ˣᱻȸɴקֳطһͨƢֱӳˡ
ڤȻˡ
Ԥϵˡû뵽ôѡ
ոϵѧУԶԶڤڵ绰žƵ궩˼ʽ䣺ˣͺޡ
űѹ㲻ҲҪȥͷġ
쿪ƣ۴ȸ͵һκҩְȭͷսˡ
һѣ䣬ѡһСȥ
л˵
һѾ7ˡж׷ÿһСɰ
СɰһڵŶ
#˪֮  ѻѣ
#лɡΣûϹҪŶ
#ģȡķŭֻڷŭԴΣ
#飨ƶԷжֻͨˣͫΣ
£м顣


25 
ڤ
ѡ
Сȸǽѣ
ȻУ԰ﱻڤ˽̫أѧ¥û취ȥ
һڴˡһڽҺſĵط
СλšһֻȸͣڿУŷƣһֱͣȶųԼͣһյֱģʽ
ŴˣȻڳЦһֻɵ㶵ǵСȸ
ֻһۣͿ˻ȸǱ˻ȸɲǻȸеһСֻСȸСֻ
ָ⻮Сȸų仮ĵط
΢΢üѵʲô״
ҪСһѧԣҲóȻӰ˽ҵĴͻȻɡ
ĬӽҺȥϴּ䡣
ȻֻСȸѾϴּĴ⡣
߹ȥѴִЩ
ǣСȸûнͣڴֻ̨һļų
˴ϣⶼһˮ
̧޳ƯʳָڴϿд֣С
΢΢Ц̧ۿŴ⡣Ǹʾ䡣
СȸҲ㣬˴֮Ĭʡ໥ȵĹ̡
Сȸдõ֣ųڲϻ˸Ȧ
ϸ˿ȦĶԲм仹ȥˡ
Цҡҡͷ
Сȸܼͼмġ֡
ϸûէһе˼ˣֶֻǰ΢΢һЦ˸ĵĶ
δСȸæͷ
Ŵǣԭдġ֡
ҪѯʣͻȻ˺䡣
ͬʱСȸǹֱ׹ȥ
۲˲䣬ˣмġֻ֣ʣ֣СһΡ
ȻذٴηŵϣתۣϵˮѾɢˡ
䣬ôûȥϿΣһأ˵Ķţȴƺħ˲òѰȥ
תͷ߹һͻȻƼѧڤڡ
ڤڣϲ
䣬ôءڤڣ㲻Ըٺڤ磬ڤɡڤƤЬ̤죬Ѿ΢Ц˴̨ϡ
Ĵˣû俪ڣպ˽
ˣǺӢר̣ǿӢʦϵѧǶʶ
ǿûǣžϴ֡
ڤͻȻһһ첽˹ȥžһģǿļϡ
㡪ǿӲϣİı˲һӣͻȻˬʵЦˡ
ʦ֣ôҪڤʦôUǿһءڤ߰ǿļ򣬱ڲ˾ɡ
ǵüǵãءӣһûءڤôͻȻνˣҲ˵һǿոİ·ϣϣͻȻͿĵ۽ǶЦơ
ꡪǻġˣҸءλһһֱ䣬Ǵ¿ʼڤһֵֻʳָߣЦˡ
վں־Уܾòʦ֣Ҫϸ㱨Լĸ˽˵λʦĵ
ЩλڤڵԻ·ˡ
ǰˣ̸Ц磬һ֮ǰİ·ھֵܡ
ԶԶԡôˣ䣬ǿ氮ĽˡǶһֱءǿɤҲܴ󣬺滹ק˾Ӣף
俴žЦˣҲ֪ҪĽġǡЩˡǰȥӢϵӣڻʶھ֪һֱڵ˭ˡ
ȻǺܿͷˣǵһ֮ǰǿʼڨϽӲİı顣
˲䣬ƺײָˡָ
ǿonly youӢ軹û߳ȥڤһתҪĸ첲
Ѹ첲һ㿪ˡ
ڤ˳ưڿеָɴധ˿㶵ˮûʲôΡ
̧ȥûмһζڣڤڣҲǵ㡣ղǷء
䣬ֻǲǵöѡڤ滺ȻĻƺҲż
䣬ǵõֻһˡһӶǵֻ㡣ǵĺҲǵءڤϵЦƺҲȥ磬˵ѧУʦǾþɳĽ죬ӪҵЦա
ڤڣȷҪϴּҼЩ𣿡ʲôʲôǵáڣһֶš
䣬ȥУ԰ſڵ㡣ڤҲǿתҪ뿪
䣺õˡҲҪǷݽѧ𡣡
ڤͣ½Ųתӣӳھ䣬ʣҲ֪Ϊʲôֻһµļ𣿲֪ΪʲôĴ˪ˮ𣿡
һû˵
ͣ˼ӡ
䣬ͬһˡҲܣҿչʾ㿴֪࣬ȥУſҡҶ֪ҶģҲẦ㡣ڤִſ㶵ûٻͷѣֱ뿪ϴּ䡣
תƳǣӿ㶵ͳһűָѪӡӡ
ƤЬʧϴּ߳
صңѾ¿ˣĽһù⾰
绹۵Ͻ̨˧һ²⡸Ǹ˭ļŮȻܵǰ΢ۿת飬ֿظϲ
䣬áĽĽ˿ˡŵԣΪˡϧԼݣǵĹϵжˡ
ûſڷϡ
һŮͽ˵䣬ͲøǽˡҲ֪ЩҲΪžܾǵġĬĬףǡ
䣺ĸĬĬ
ʰٲ뿪ңʣ¼ͻȻڤڣCPŮǾҪĽˡ
䵥米߳ңϸľȻһѼñС
㣡һסСĸ첲κ֡
ܵһһֻҲϽ̧ļϣôѧУˣͲ͵ģ
šѼñѹˡ
ޡЩʧ䣬ַУֲĵضһ䣺˭Ͳͣ
㵥ѹѼñѡ
л˵
мҶyccСʹӪҺΪո


26 

䣬ǵһô
ѡ
Ͷ̶̼֡
һŵľëһ
СһվǰͻȻۿжҪӿ
һûϢôˡ
ôˣ̧˫֣ůĴָ
ֻ۾ĺͻȻɰʯĥ
£ޡСֻǺСӵĻʹţɶģˡ
⣺ԣʲô۾ˡ
ձһ˫ůĴַѧУȣ컹û·ûΧʦͬѧ
Ҳ֪ôˣǺСûмһ춼ŪڣժСñӣһѡ
䡣㱼䣬һץ˸첲һͻȻվڤ
ڤһ˫ͫƺͲһˣ˺Ųߡ
䣬㲻ʶϴˡڤȴ
䣬λԱҪȥͲءǿ㵲·ˡߡڤûû¶ȣ˵ˣһѡ
俴ȥЩ㱣ɿС˰۾һûվȣӻһ¡պڤסû¡
۾ǿסͻȻӿĶġ
۾ʱ򣬿ǰһµС˶٣ŻڣѾ˾룬ԱڵĻߴˡת¥գƹȥ¥ĲɡӢϵӡ
˵Ż俴ȥϺۣԴóָ󣬾˵ȥˡ
䣬Ƕ˭ôãҶҪˡ
ڤ·Сߣһ˫۾ݺݵСһ֣С˵ʮ֮ܶˡȥɡû˵
䰲ظڤ뿪ˡ뿪ʱûٻͷû˵Ĳʶ˦Сһİû¡
㻺̧첲ņ̃Щվԭأһֱ䡣
ıӰĸӣĺܺõΣȣȴЩԥĲġ
ѧ¥֮ǰȸҩǸͨˡ
ȥûڤϳҲΪûɾͱڤȦ䣬ŲŲڲܿ
ӰȫʧڵȻԭվţֱŵһδ򿪣ϧ˲ˡ
ֱһѣСȥɣһֱվǽڵ
û֪ô¶Ȧ䣬Ρ
Σ
磬һܳվ¥ȵȥˡ
ɵӣ㲻ߡ
߰ɣһֵ5ӵģٲߣ͸ֵǮˡֱƿС䣬վλãٿ˵
һ·ڤţȥǸ˴²ˣӻ΢΢Ρ
߽ڤȷŵɳϡ
漴۾ְϥǣʣε䣬ǰܺõģǰȥӾӪ˰ɣһȥһ
۾䣬ǰ·ֳָʱڤһӾĻ棬ǰһ治ͣתӺҡ
ְ̫ѨȾ˿һڣѣοȥЩˡ
䣬ԼŵϣϲġϢˡǾ͹ȥ
У԰ĿͿȵ꣬ϰٸλãزʱ
ǣΧˣ߿һۣڤ֮󣬾ӱҴˡ
أԱĿȵûˡ
˵ҲܣԼĺƽ
ڤַڿȱһڣ˵䣬ȹɫĿ𣿡ŲƵʱһɫĿĳɫ
ܰѶɫšüġ
䣬㲻ϲɫǾɫɡһΣڤŲ֣ٲȻһɫĨ衣
ܸıɫ仹û̫
ǰɡ۷ѡڤû˵͸
ܸıģ˵ļ䣬ǰĿһȫαļ䡣
ǣ񣬲⡣
̧𿧷ȱӣһڣǸոյĺڿȡ
˿ȱӣ̧Ĩȥ˴ǵһ˿ɬĿգʣڤô֪ܣ
俪ڲڤڡˣܺá
ڤᳵ·ЦЦ˵Ϊ㻹ûСѧҾʶ㡣㴥СʱһһƿˮңҼǵ֣ǵÿһطĸо
ڤһ仰˵ù˻ƴУͬʱƳ䣬侹ûʲô飬ֻľſڤƲƲ졣
Ҳ⣬ʼˣ䣬㲻ǵҡûʲôǿ¿ʼˡ
ʣˣʲô˼
ڤ۾ɫʧǸ⡣סħһֻаȥ˻ǣԲŻͻȻʧ䡣
ƺǰֻҡҡͷ
ڤץסĸ첲ٱˣ䣿˵ôסˡֻʮаªյĺݣרġģʲôҲǵˡˣ㡣
ڤô˵̸ǵģ˵ˣģһţͻȻЦˡ
ⲻص㣬⡣֮һԶֻڤ
Ŷ˵ֻʲôӣͻȻܺ档
̬䣬ʱڤû˵ȥ㲻ôʵĳ⣬ص㡣
ͶͱûЩͷˣ˰˵ˣˡҸ˵˵ǡ
ڤЩħص˵ͷ⡣
ڤؾòˣǸӣĿڵ䣬㻹ǵǵһν𣿡
䵭شǵá
ڤ
ڤ˿ڿȣ䣬ǵǵĳ𣿡
仹ƽˮǵá
ڤû
ڤˣʱ㻹ôﺬһǣҧһ룬ҳ𡭡
Ϸ죬㲻ϺߣɫˣһЦڤ˵ˡ¶˵ڣΪ鰡
ڤ˿͸գ
ڤƶ񺹣ͨ˳ôĳŵڤͻȻ׬ˣʵ̫
ͳһֻ˿ʱ䣬ˡ
ļ򣬡䣬㲻ˡȥԷɡԼ˷䡣֪ҲΪ˺ܾˡ
ʵЩֻܲ⣬һûС
ڤôߵı¶úܣת۾ٷˣ䣬ûأôԼһסϾԼãҪһ¡
ҧ´šüҡҡͷ۾ƺңԶ
䣬ں𣿡ڤ̧ۿ˿ڰ׷ֻͫͷ˿
ڤɨ󣬲ûʲôˡǾòԾͫڶʣ䣬ڸ˭ҡͷ
ֻЦЦû˵
ڤͻȻˣ˫ְ˫ϣһһ㣬Ŀתһ㶣䣬㲻ǵˣҸ㣬й׷֮ÿζ۾ұͣˣҰ
ûʣվڤ˿
У԰հ̫û侻ڹصƻжʱ䣬Ȼ˵Ȳˡ
ڤźõĺɫѾУ԰ſڡ
䣬ϳˡڤ˺ţ˽ȥ
̧ۿڤڴͳһֻʱĻûᣬԼ˰ȫ
ڤһְųţһŻߣ˵ԡˡϳҰһ¡
˵꣬ڤһȥչϳţ˾ϵһŲš
˾ֵ̧ӾʱźӾǡ
ڤûȥ˾ΪãͿϡ
ڤͦ⡣
䣬ǵһôǲȳԷô
ˡ˸ͷˡ˵
ʲô˭ڤΪڿЦ
䳯ǰ˾һ죬ǰ˾ϵسźӾ˵ͷ
ǸԱ
ڤһȻӦˣĿȣ
ĿɫĿȣȵġ
ļû
䣬ͣڤĻͻȻסˡ
㲻˵ÿζ۾ұͣӯ滺ΪϰŵķҲǸˡ
ٶȿһʵıѾɡڤ춼ûüϡ
ͻȻһת棬ط̶Ħ䣬СĻ
л˵
мʼСʹӪҺ


27 

㣬
СĻ
һ̶ļɲ֮, һתսУ԰ʯ·
˲䣬ɰʯ졪
Ȼ, ɰʯĳȻͣڿû
俴˿, ͻȻֹĲֹɰʯ·ͬѧ, ŲӣŲˮһӶ˾ֹ档
Ŷ˶ָָȻ, ת, 첲Ҳչ硣
ͣӣŻ, Ƚ˸֣㡣
šСĻشֻһ֡
俴Աѳ˱ڤڡ
ɿ˼ű, Ӻļʻ, ʣͻȻֹ𣿡
ǡСĻشһ֡
ֿ澲ֹķ·һƬһĻ档۽һ˼ţ,֪ˣѧҿءͣάռһʱ, һ, γʱ侲ֹ
ֽͺܺ, ˴ӳ￴ҲǾֹġ
Ȼ, , ʱ䲢ûͣ, ̶ֻͣʱ϶ѡ
ֻ˵ͷһֵĻشҲûˡ
뻤䣬뾡ȫȥ㿪ϵĹ쾪㤣˿̣ЩԥҪô͡
ڤö֮ǰۿܶˡ
ܶƴǲġΪά֮ϵȨʱһЩ
һ
ڤ֮䣬ȴֻǸı˼䣬޷˵ʱ򣬺⵽
ڤΪȡʱ䣬Ҳ黳Ӳ
ϵ黳ǧǰˮʯγɵʯơ
»ʱûɣڵĿռͻܱ룬Զֹ
ȻΪ˲ȥִĿռУܵϢռᱻԶաͬʧ
ϲԼڡԶ֮ϡ
Щû취ֱӸֻһͨ˵䡣
20ӣȸҩʧЧͻָʱ򣬻
ǲ20֮ɻӵĿϢ¶ǾͻԶռûг·
˵ǵʱ俴ƾֹʵֻ20ӡ
仹ʱÿ궼̫ݣ㶼ֹһεĻǵദʱֹܹ
ֻǸͨˣٲҶ룬ʱ侲ֹԣһһСһһȷСͼ
˿̣ƺѾˡ
俴˿϶˵СҲûΪ
Ա߱ӵ¶һһ˫װֽɣֱӰѻ˳
￴˿Ҳͣˣϵһ
죬ʵֱӣ㣬ң𣿡
ǡشغ
أ𣿡ԱߵıŬŬ졣
ˡشҲ¡
㣬ǣ𣿡
ǡشЩԥ
룬ʣ˸˵սթרĵĴ𣿡ûظڤԭӹ²ʳ
𣿡̧ͷעźӾ
ѡ䶶˶۽ޣһ˫һЦ
ۡûסźӾǡ
ЦʲôЦʡ
ķǡ
⣺ĻѧУô۾Ŷء
۾ﲻĥ𣿡תعͷ
ŻĿȻӣӳһ磬ֱӵ˸ʻλ
ôĥءѾʵˣȡɡ㿴۾ĥˡ˵ţѾŲӰ˹
Ƴһۣ۵׺ڰ׷һ˫һ棬Ǻ죬ȫϷ
䣬Ϊʲôң֪ʲȻ˾䡣
ڴѧѾڤ߹ʱһ仰ˡ
һûκĴֱָӾͳ۾ȥΪһ㿪ȻȫûŲӣҪˮͫ
֪һΪʲô
˵ôѡ
ƪȻǺϣǾ滰Ȼϣϣãġ
첲ɲϣ°ͣȸң۾ŵʲôƬۿڤܸ˱˵ļ䣬ΪʲôĲҵģΪ۾Ķ𣿡
ûʲôʵǱ⣬㲻
ǣ۾ģƬɵĵ澵Ӱ俴棬ȴͫ
Ż䣬Ҳ䡣ԣĴ
ҲˣָˣһĻչ
ѵñ˴Σ԰ɡʱ䷴ͣˣеʱ䣬ǾôĥȥҲǲСҧҧ´¶һĨɫҪһ˻شһ
šû;Ƭֿ˴⡣
䣬ڤദʱ˵㻰Լʼ
ţ΢΢ü
ԣ
ûзܣ˵¶Ͻ̬ȡ
ԴӶѧУһ֮ҺԷȻֻŭڤظš䣬Ӳġԣ˵ʲôνˡ
ţⷬͺг⣬Ͽɵص˵ͷ
ңڲСҲҡ忴һֻСȸڴϸ¶ûеơ
Ĭ
С磬ֵˡ˵˵ôתг˾أߴ׸һ⡣
䣬ڿθҡͷҶˡȻһǿȵԱ
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üڱ£Ͳ͵ʱżȻԼȥϣżȻ˾żȻ֡
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һȦ˶˴˵ĳ⡣
ĿʣոտһֱӲȣ𣿡
񶼲װġ
ôȥ֡
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˿ǣǰˣǸЦ
ˣתضݵ䣬˵䣬ܡ
䣺аҿ
̧۽ޣȻżԺĿڣֻǸͨˡûܡ
΢΢ü
ָĻʵǲԶֹȷе˵ֻв20ˡ
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С磬۾ͻȻĥҿǾƬô˵Żʹ˰۾۾ˣԴͳżʻȥˡ
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Ȼϵˣ
Ȼ˴ӰͬͫΣԶͨơ
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鲻棬ֻ׼ȷػش˻
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ǿšɢǿšӴʧɻǵֲأ˵򵥵֣
гϢǸոտʼû£ˣһռ䣬㿴ңĶױ
㿹ܲ飬ôῴʱɫܿߣ䲻ᡣ
㣬ȴҲϬɣҼһ£
˵ţݺݵץ󣬰ִӿ˽ȥ


28 

Ц
ʽ, Ŀռ䲢խ
ǳգһֻɿˣʯ骻㻹ǳٳٲ, Ũ˳
·⣬ڸոձ̥ɰʯ, ȥˮ·ˣһˮ˽ȥ
һжһת۷ɹ, ĻƻҲգۼҹɫ
ȻûΪǶͣ͡
ιôͣŲ, ˳漸Թ
ͬʱ, ı̶ˡ
˸ովһ꣬ƽĴϢ㻺
ڲ˵, , һοһֱĻ
һɫĻʽк, УȲһƺǱǧ, żֵȴ͵
ֻʱĵ̺ۡ
ָҲʯƣûװ, ֻö롣
ʱ侲ֹǻ, ǵöͨ, ǵһλƴʫۿĥɵ롣
ʯ밼, мͨ͸, ϸ, ˮʯγɵԲףϸɶ칤
ϱ̿⻬ıϣżĺߡ
ţţպΡ
δָḧչӿۿмˡһЩĺߡ
̺ˣڶô¶˵ֺǶŻ
Ժˡһֱҧ죬ʵ¶Ὺڡ
ˣҵˣ̧ͷֿ˿㡣
ԡϿ̵ǰԵԣҲΡڻСء̡ո㴥֮󣬱ϵĿ̻ˣߣǰԵǬԣ黳ϣС졹ͥˣŻ任̻Ҳ˵ԣѡ񡣡
͵ûзܣȻȴûһֱŴ⡣
˻װ˶
𻳱ԱصС
תżʻϵСϱļֱٽˣȻš˫üüϵһ˰̶һ˫΢ǱոռӵǸ
ôôѹûʻ¶ƨһ̧Щ˵TҲһҴ˿
û˵ɴ鶼ûС
棬ѳӿɢʯ·
תһСѼñѹüҲ˵Ҳ߿һۣһŴʵЦһ»ܺÿġ
Ц㲻ɫ࣬Ŀеûȶȡ
Ȼ֪СΪʲôôո飬ٿ俹ܵ¶
ȻúߵǸˣŶԡ
ʵֺγϽƪ
Ѿȥ¶ˣһ˵
һŴУɴˡ˫Ҳſŵ˵㣬㻹˱ˣԼ·һſӶû⡣ôίˣ
ˡ˵㶼߿һֳۣһһ£ϵһſžһˡ
Ƣһ׵ûˣ俴һȴûסֳ͡ˡ
ٺ٣ͦ˵ġתҿ£ô˷΢Цš
ҪƷˡ
ôҲ󲻵ǸǰϿӾͱ䡣ȻЦܿɰ
ˣǿ붨ֿ»һֱ
Ȼոһֱû۾ϵĴлڡ
ûηʲôʱȻŷ̶¡
Բͣʵղȥˡ滹Ҫװ򶨡
֪øãͲӦվڿȵ
ĴίҪԼ޲öԼ֡
Ҳ쵰ѰԼǧ顣
ûɷƢģȴôҲůӲƢˡ
۾С߿һۣˣһ³ĺɫƷôһ룬Ǵû·
ʱֻڿ˸ӣ¶һǡ˵Լֻȴû˵ָеޡ͸һȻϢֶ࿴һۣỬ
պ۽ɨһ˫зŵһӣֱĲ
Ǹ˵ɤӣΪ˴һֱ˼ӵΣ˳ƺҲö·ҲǸһ𣿡
ͫתһ˲һζ漴ת˻ȥ
䱾룬ի̸Ȼ˵·ǿյҲеġ
ı棬ȴòܲʣ·Ǹ
ϸԼո⻰ʳڣǾòףԴ
ϸϽزһ䣬㣬˵еģҲ𣿡
㣺
һֱڲͣԼ
չ飬ƣأȷ򲻵ѵ²ȥ˶Բ¶ȥˣľǹȥ
û뵽仹ι粻ţոƢý˸ӡ
俴ʵôֱס
ôʹ㱾ţҲã޶˰ͷûԣֱƦƦظԡҲиѡ
һͷԼԼס
̧ԼŶʲôгĬǽš
Ȼѵõģոձ죬Ӿͽ
ƽʱϰˣոշס˸ˣ˲Ƶġ
Ǹˣ࣬࣬˽ࡣ
տռ䣬仹ֿ˿ڣ㣬⳵ҪĶءԭ˵Ҫȥϵءǻȥ𣿡
ûֱóһֽӣҲ˵͵ǰ
ֽӣȻϵãÿ϶Ӵֽӿʼ
ӹ³Ĵ˴ӣɫ־˾̫ʱˡ
Ҳ˵仰ҿɾȳ˰һֽԲ׶ε־˾˫ȡһϲ˽һģûˡ
תһۣǸʯһֻֽһɫֽӳ˸պüϵСӣϻ͹һöľСӡ
ϲذ˾ŵС棬ٺֺţĵ˵ĵʯɽɡʶˡ
˫룬û˾ôߵСҪ󣬡ϧȵء
ȻӦֻ룬ҪɿʱССľһֻ֣һ˲ܲɱָĴ
㻺ŲȴǴ˵Сһһ㿪ˡ
һǿŸӣ˳
̵䣬תպֿ΢΢䡣
벻ˣոһּ࣬ӵ䣬ȻΪָһֶ
ˣãҪҪһڣС˪۽ϣպ͵͵С
ҡҡͷ˵ָô⣬ôҸͬһ
ǣֹķǡ
㡣ͻȻ̧
Ȼڻָٱˣ䲻֣һӽһôˣ
ǻǲѣʵͻ
˵㡣㲻ϵˡ
ǣͺһڡһӰٵߡ
ɡС𣿡Ӳ˵ڣ㻹ˣٺȼڣʣµĸҡ
Ųѣһȵġ۾벽Ҳá
㱻ĥû취ˣֻþֿһڡ
ӣֹذ˻ȥҲλãո˫ĵطˣˣʣµİȾˡ
ůˣ̽˾⻹ҪȥǸؼˡ
ֲ˵ˣƳڤԸʣ㲻иӰɣ
ʣô
һ޹㲻˵ڤôȻǶһģȻǸˡ
䣬ǲһڤģԺ
ǣǺ``ģǻģǣԵֻˡ
Ҳȷˡ
޷𣬡䣬޷߱񣬲Ȼᱻɡ
ʹڤˣû¹֣ǲںɣֻǴ֪ôġ
ڣڤѾǸˣɱҲû壬Ժûˡ
Ȩ֮£ֻ㲻ֵá
䲻ô㷴ɣĶ
ѧУᵽڤζνӽӦòһˡ
룬˵㶪£ǵȱˣġ䣬Ҫһָĵطģһ͹ȥؼҰɡ
ʵЩ¶Եطǰġ
û뵽һ죬̸Ķͬ䡣
Ӹոտʼ˾ĥһͻȻ¶
鱨̫࣬ЩЩˡûǿˡ
ڤĻȻԶ׼ƪƺҲȫšڤ˵ͬһˣڤʧˣ֪ܡ
СǻǸԣȻʵʵǸɲ⣬˵ĻƺҲڣҲȫš
Ȼ£ոҪȡβҪһ̣ǿСһġ
ֻǣ޷ˡ
춨ԵûͷûͻȻʼˣͻΪԷȥҲƺ̫Ϸ

ԵƵأһţûĻ˵ҪȥĶҰɡҲȥ
СֱӾܾˡ
Ե֣ȡĺȫ񣬶ԩ񡭡һѳû͵Ĵ»ȫ
⣬ȥſһۣڤ˼ĽҲڤһܹ
ȥıߣ䣬ΣգȻӦ
ðɡȥҽͰѺıӴؼҡ׼СƢԣ֪¼˰С𣬡ȥůˣġȻǸ񣬺֪Ҳء
ȥšӵĨ˰ˡ
졣Ҳϸˣڳʣµ˾
óԣǣΪ˱ʾ㣬˸С⣬׷ʲôѽ
⻰ĺèˣҪˡһֻ֪׷ɡ
˵õӣǷ벻
ȳͣˣѾƿ²
ҲǿݺˣȻѾˣҲϻ֣ǣ˿ʼŤҪ㿪֡
֣ѩһ㣬͸ź
ɴʮָۣů
һֻ̧ϳŵͬʱһɫھôƾʧˡ
侪̾ûˣ
ֻͨ˿˶ѡ
žƵǸʯ̳ɵʽͥԺ
ҹɫ٣΢΢ķɳɳ죬Ҷյɫĵ
ץøˡ
ôˣѡЦسСĶߵ
ôӲꡪ
£һȦȦԲȦʯӺͻȻ΢
תۼʯɫŨīмһ죬ƽع磬漴һɺɳ
Ŀ˳ɺɳ״׷ȥָ߸ƮͷҶĸ߶ͣһƬơ
ӣԼڤ
תۣ£ɫʷתһµʽվǰ
ء߻˸ͨˣ˻װϸ£ϸɾҲɫ
ϵ´£ɡǣôΣò˵ء
俴ˣڶȴû
̧һڣڤӦʲôˣӣӦڼףϹء
磬ûйزǹءȻҾֱ˵ˣҪһ񺹣ôڤˬԼˣҪԸ˫ֲǰƳ䣬̧ͷֱ㡣
࣬ӣ˭ûȤҾ㣬Զ
ֻ̧ûָ䣬ͱһ
ۿܳһɫ硣
˳ʹǿŵҿ㽻ҿû֡ҪﶯԺԱߵС˿ҪԿġ
ղ֣ӿŵһѽҿǰĽ磬㣬˰ɡѾʲôˣӲƴ㲻ʡ
˵źָһֻѾڲָһɫֱָ䡣
仰УɫۿҪ̵ĺ
ȦȼĽɫͻȻˣɫһ㾧Ө͸ı
˵ͷƲˣһƯİѩ
ѩ䵽˵漴ڻѩ䵽˱˵ĸ첲ϣһ̡
Լ˵ĸ첲ôҲ˦һ㱡ͨˣ
˵أһḡЦݣŲ񣬵ħֻЦûҪޡ
ս֣ɫƽӣˡԶ
ΪҲջô˿Ÿ첲ϵıһֱҧȴӶ˰硣
ͷ㣬ת˲ˡ
Ŷֱۣͨϵ촽ö¡
˵ļ򣬳ʣӣǰûʲôڡóѵңڤιʲôף
ڤϵĹҲ֪һֱӵһǿԣҲο˲ֹҺһֻһ񺹣һöΡıۡʹֱۣӣʵ˲١
ȣһ죬ʵ£ǻ˭
ӳʹ治֪ˡǷֻ첲Ժ˾ûˡԵ֡ˣǵڤ˵亹ȡˣҪԵζͷð˼ϡ
ǣ뿪ʱһ̧˳ů˺Щĸ첲
ϸ俴ˣͦء
Ǹ壬㲻Ըӣ޷պ鷳
һҲûУ䣬ˣȥ˯
ҲֱԹԵ˳
漴ڤһģһֻ첲ҲŶȥ㿴ŰɣҪһȥ˯ҪһȥǸԵ֡


29 

ұ㡣
Сһ֡
仹ĥŰڸʲôЩ, ʱ䲻Ѿͣˡ
Ե֣仹ĥ, ֣ǸɭҲǸСְɡ
ɳҹǽҵ
ԵǸƵ֣˰ȫ
ȥ㡣˳š
ȥû̫ȥȥĶֶ˾䡸ƭҡɿԱߵı³ˡ
һָ, Աߵıǽ²˷磬ԶȽ˵, ŷֽһָߵСƽζ¥
˶㣬һǰֻһȽš
ɡҲûԿ, ֱƿš
ң
, Ѽҡ
ȷǻȸ¥ֻϻȸһֱϲ׷ѡûϹ˵
ûֱӽȥ, ʣˣ
ûСѲڼҡһָ, Ƚȥ, ѱӹؽصĹŹһ˫ëЬ
ӴЬ, ǵã, ʹҲů, һ˫ڵЬ
սžԶˡ
ⲻԵְɣ䲢ûЬ
, ˯ȥڵ, Ь, Ьϲվ
ɫÿ,ǰʲôҲ˵ֱӰ쵽𣿡
䣬㣬ûˡ
ţոջ˵Ѽء任ЬҲȥ춼·ˣôһؼң
䣬ھӶͨˣȥûֱ˵ȥ¥ըˣϡ
ûھˣһƲˡ
ǵģ¥סĶȷ˵ǻȸ塣ڣ㲻ǼôҲˣӹֱȥ¹˯³
䣬Ҳھϰͨ˵Ҳ䶼ʵĵò˳ó䲢ûжɾ衣
仹нվԭأ㾡䣬Ұ˯£ԡ׼ϣһۻˣȥԡݸˮɡ
أ̧
ңȥ㣬ϴˣţҾͻ
Ѿÿ仰Сˣɿ۾Ĳš
볹׵׵Ķһ˺ãԭôѡ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԴûԻ·ΪʲôҪȥء㣬ֻ֡ʣ㲻ϴ𣿡
ߣ˰ͷ⡣
ֻ̾˿ԭǸѡ
ڳ϶֮ĸǽⲻôöԲס䡣
˵䣬ϴұ֤㡣ģҲȥġ
Ͱˡ
ɴһƲһ˳ԡȥˡ
˵ʲôťҲôǳôһŹˡ
·ԡңסˡ
Сԡؾ
Ǹ򵥵ͷȫ硣
磬еļһ£ϴ裬ֻùͷ
ԡңӶҪ󣬸ɫİťҲ
ֱСʲôô
ָӵ¿ƼöͲˡݾ鰤ťһȦƫƫûҵˮ
ҪˮĻԼŪ궼⣬һͨԽԽ䡣ǳϢˣСԡҲˮ˳
磬硪
䱾䣬Ŵ硣
ԡͲˣ䣬ôˣ
ŴˣԡԡضڷˮĻע⵽ʲôͲ
һͷˮ졣
ˮ÷ɴƿԡţһѾԡҪΧϡ
ǰһӰۿҪʧ
վסԡΧϣͷϻˮǲ𣿡
ȻӰˣһµСվĶ棬䣬ҡ
Ǳ֤ң𣿡÷촽ɫˡ
СҲ˵첲һ̧ӼϹһԡֱ߹ʪԴ˽ȥ
䱾䣬Դԡԡһ˫ȺĴͷ硪һ磬һϬĻҲ˵ˡ
ӣҲһܴů¯һ㣬ůůȥ
ֺոǰ˲䣬һ¾ǰһӵڻů͡
ԡ棬˼͵͵Сůůš
üһʽСĶһŵһϽƿš
ƺСˣͷͣ
ֻͣһ˲䡣
Դϸԡֶ
ҲȥͻȻûˣ
˵˲Ūͣˡ
㲻ţ
һ䣬ûȴ˺ҹʳѩһصĺ͹ͣ·Դϡ
˫һÿԡһ̧ͷСʹӡ
䡢ҡ˸֣㲻˵ˡ
乴˹ǣûڡ
Ӳɣˡ˵꣬ȡһԡ˯תȥˡ
뿪ԡңص˿ֱ̱ɳϡ
ӦŬĲǹҪû
ȻһţҲܰˮˣһǽҲ硣
˼磬µû˵ôˮֻ۵ܣֻԡŸôˮ
ģոյĻĲ롣
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ܣտ̿ҲܾԼв
ֻǸͨˣǾôѡ
ֻҪ룬԰ڴΪΪ
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ΪһΪˣ̶̼ʮ꣬ܰңԸĬĬ飬ֻúá
Ȼ֮ʼԼԼİࡣڳ֮ΪһѾӲʯ̣䷢Ƣ
һԼֻҪĬĬͺã
ιһΣĻشѪȵȴ̲סŵڶΡ
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͸Լαֻ֡
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ιѵķӵˣ㣬ڸʲôԡҸճһ˹ֱӼб˪ȼŻ֡
ˡŵϽһ˪
ιʲôԼԼˣ俴ֻƯĴ֣Ѿͨ죬ָͷ
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䲻̵ֺֻ׵֣һ㱡
䣬Բ𡣡ֳ˻ȥɳվ˯ɣ緹
öԲļ¶ˣһﻹϷҳ
㣬վסȥס֡
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ڻֽ˴α˵úԺȥοһֻ
㣬ҿ˵ƭؼҶԵġ⵹ãŪ˸ķŽҪ˦ֳȥ
ͷһɫ׵䣬ɳֻûȥԱߡ
ιֹֻȥˡڳҷƢɡȥˣʵǸûô˵˵ţ۾Ͼոն÷׵ϣȾһӨ
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㣬ǰ뵽ģܱܴܲ˯ɡҿ˼ҽһȥѼҶǺȵġ
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ϡ
Ӷƭ˵ġ
ʵأ̧ʡ
ô㴹
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š
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䲻ˣ̧ͷ㡣
˼£Լ۹ġǸġ
ȻһҲû˵䱻̲˵ı˵ֻһ£
šɵͷ
㿴Ҷˣָһ㣬Ľ˽磬̧ĺס
ˣˣ
䣺⻹Ժü𡭡
˵ͷ
һѵˮĶͷ
ǣҲûװ
ôɣͻȻ˺
˽硣
ҲȥԵְɣһɫװ¡
ãӺͯûء˵Ľ֣ܺѾ֡
˺֣ͯ˶٣ѡ
ֳָָͯһֻˮѡܵĲټˡ
ͯ´䣬ʧڣҲ˵ͷºЦЦ˵һֱϲһˡ
ˡ겻ϻˡһ̧֣˸ġ
俴˲裬ֻͦͯĻӦʣͬ·һ߰ɡ
㲻һǰ档
һˮҰ㱳ȥɣͯȻüŵڤһѾס˱ӡ
ˮ档
㲻˵һװĺͯܵ
䣬ԵʵҪףͨ
һƬԭʼɭ֣ԵΪкܶԵʯǳԵʯ
νԵʯ署ԴԵȥǲԵʯϡˣЩܸԵʯ߱ɱȴҲ벻ˡ
û㱣ڤڤܸоһЩ졣
˼·ȻĵˮˣһŰϻ
̧һڣԱһͨͤмݡ
ͯЦЦ磬Уǿͨ˹ˡͨĵݣͨ˿ġߡ
ߵݳڣǰ˹ȥǺˮˡ󣬶˺ף֡
ͯҲ˹ͨں׿ܱһӣͬ·ˮԺãڤıҰɣ
ֻ䣬𣿡
ˮϵ񣬵Ͼͨˡ
죬û˵
ȥ·ˡͯ˱ӣһɫװǲմˮǱˮϱһǰ棬Ҳһֻ׺࣬ȥ硣
㿴һֱ˵䣬ȣұ㡣
ҲŤֱȥ
ĺʣѿɿô
ɿûͷ
Ѳ֣׷ȥɡѾڱˡ


30 
Ŀ
䣬ʵϵ㡣
ӺŲǰ, ˫Ĵָ۱ߣϴεľƬˮ۾
, ŵúܴ
֮俴ڻ˵·һ, ɺ磬ʵĽ
, ͯˮԺã׳ˮ֡Բ׼¶ͨѣҴ׷ȥ, Ӳƴ
ڰϼһ˵С, ֻб³ʱ򣬲ŻԼࡣ
գգ۾, ʾ֪ˡ
㱧, ѾΧƯˮˡ
㲢ҡβŻ, һƥ㣬ֱֱ۷·ìˮٶȿþ, תѵ˺ͯԡ
ˮҲٶȺÿءͯˮиڰû, ˵ҲºͻϢƽȡ
ôȥʡ
, ҺþûˡҲˡͯˮҡͷһǸ⡣
ֱ, ںһɫ, סˮ, ȴܿϨˡûͨ, ȷԵֵڲˡ
ȫСǰȻֻжɣӰĻΧ
ͷڵʱһµĺͯȴοˡ
ȥĶըһףҲһˡ
˵㣬ֻ˫ƿ㡣
ҪץסᵴһˮͰ˻ȥ
û˵תźˮȴ練ơ
ƣ˫ˮ㣬ָỮѧСӣƹȥһεˮ
漴ǰѹѹŸ㣺šġ
һĵͷûſ죬ǻԲظ䣺ҿˡҡ֪ˡСġ
䣺Һˮȥˡ
ҧҧ´һҲʵıȥӦɴһתȻһ׹˸Ưıֱ׷źͯȥˡ
ۿǰˣһ֣Ȼ·񱻽ضһ㣬ֳθպץ˸ա
䣬ʵϵ㡣ϰİִӲжϣֻȻڤֻһͷ­չ˵
ͷ­ƽ죬ᣬȴͨˮ𶯣׼شĶѣԣҲ֡ˮҲκβҡ߰ɡ
û취ӦһƯתתˮһץס˰±ŵڤ
ͬһ˲䣬ϵҲͻȻ쳤ˣֱӿĺϡ
䣬ڲһͨˡ绤㣬ҲϣʶЩӲϡʲô񺹣ðڤ¡
ûôǡ񺹡˿ûɣһˮֱӲڤıϡ
䣬˵ĻţˡҵְȥͻԶԽףҲˣҲġҲԸɱˡⲻҲɱˡٿҵˡͯٲ죬Ѿû¶ˡ
˵ŵҲֻʣˣܸоϵָһ»ʺ汻ܣҪﲻסˡ
䣬ڤɿû˵㣬ô֪ƢãӦò֪ͯӸױٸӰɡӺͯĻѾɭعɷ
һͷ­ϵţ
ת˿ߵͷ­۾죬һͣߡ
ѱǣŵڤɿˡ
ͬʱϵҲʧˡ
ڤڤ
ͯڤ֣ѷֿºϣ׷˹ȥ
ž䰴˴ӻͳ˻ſ죬ں׵ĸҪȥԵ֡
ۡˮ˵˻䣬Ѿʼӱðˡ
ʯӻڤĻͯһͷͿĻ
ˡ㾹Ȼ˻Ҹ綼ܲͯһ߱ڤһ߳˽ŵˮ
䣬ҵˡͬʱҲ˹
εԱߣֺͻȻˣ׵ʯɳˮݶƼһȫֹˡ
ӣո˵ʲôһ۾ͿѾ֪ˡ
ǶȥԵ֣磬ǷĻһֱ򶨵ĺͯٽ
Ѿѱ䡣ȻǶ£ٷ
㿴ͯԭλŷţ仳ֱժ˻ݸ˺ͯڤǵãȥáĿΥȥԵ֡
ͯӹһ۾Ϳ˱ߣסڤ̧ͷʣ㡪
ճڣȥˡ
ͯǰ㱧סڸ
磬Ǹ㡢ȴڤȥˡͯʶȤرڤıˡ
ͬʱһƬݵϣҲڻ˽
ȿȡ³ȥˮһ۾Ϳϵ㣬Ȼû
ոˮ龰Ŀˮﱻֱӹס˫ƬҲĿġ
װ֪ϦϦԱƽĺˮ۾ʣϰˣ
һ䣬һ仰Ҳ˵Ͱ˱˻
Աߵİͯװµ壬ûһˮ飬ЦЦݹ˻䣬㡣
βװˣеˣǰһһףֱ޳ϵ΢ոˮִǸЦ
ûѻˡ
ʱԱߵıֻһ˻ʪմӺγġ棬Ǹˮģڰ˴һ
磬üŸ·ͨˣȰůůӰɡͯԱ߸ˮӷֳεˮˡ
бۿ㣬߸˧˧ģĲǸɵӰɡ
죬Ǹɵӣͯʲô͸ʲôźͯ߹˻
ǵʲôϵСֹ
ѡ㻹֡
䣺ûʧ䡣
䣬˵ġǺѡ˴ΣΪǿΪ˴߲嵶ľѡոյˡͯ߹ԱߣǸҲһ⡣
䣺ҲϹɣѵʧˣ
ͻȻһɹůϮøˣ䱻ů͵غһ벻ʵĴڰ޳ǻˡ
ͯת˵˻ȥǻ磬ġͨ˵ӣ·ʪܣ԰·ˣٰϡ
䣺㵱ʧˣҲ
ֻͷŻ䣬˵һûѹ·Ҿġ
䣺Ұ
Ҫˣѵǿѵˣ
ͯͻȻЦˣ磬Ƣôһˡ磬겻㵱׶԰аأû·ǶǸ·𣿡
䣺죬Ǹôһ˫Ķɡ
ŭһİַֻĶߡ
㻹ô磬ȥڤǡͯվһ֣Ĵǰʧˡ
ŵͷʣôôôȣ
ǺϵոˮϺ¶ˡ
ţѡ˵ͷ
ÿθⶼöµûţﲩһ顣
䣬ѲܣΪţˡ
Եû˵Ͽ羰ȫǱֵƫˡ
òףͯˣ˴һһ˵ͺ¶£ң·ʪţѲܣ𣿡
ͻȻǰҾʪѲܣȻʪ
䱾ȱűڻһɹůӿš
ôһʣһ䲻ͻȻǸطܿصӲʪ˶Ӽֱɽˮ
Ͼܹһϵ¶ȣһ˵ͷԽƷԽƲסˡ
һѣһûվ
䣬Ҫʲô
Ҫܡ
ոڱӸˣò׽ͻᱻͳȥһ§˻
࣬ô֪Ҫ
ңҿˡ
㿴ʲôˣ꣬ͺˡ
ۼֿ죬һסҪ˪֣̫֮ͣͱᶳġ
䲻ûͷ֪󣬼ȲǴҲɵӣʲôˣҲˡ
ЩɳƣķʽȵĶߵ䣬һΣзִ硣Եﲻ׾ŵùҾͰ۾ϣ𣿡
۾ˣʶС֮ǰԼô
һУ԰׵Ů޴ڣ̳Ƭ类ˡȻӦ˶۶ˡ֮֡
ô˸ƵģȻǼ仰ôӦ
ѣǸġ뵽䳤˿
䣬㲻ñţҽ˽磬ûЩͺɡ
䱻ˣɴƢ溰˳
ǣû취
ٴ򿪽磬Ѿȫ͸ˡ
վͯ߹һַ̧˱棬˽ᣬ磬ŨҵĻء
һƬ̲ݵأĶĻ㣡û
Ҳ˵أһƬδӻ㡣ͯۻͨ䣬żһĶ˵磬ǻǸ·
俴ͯ˲᲻صһȭ̲ס
ͯڨڨЦЦִ˹ȥ磬ԵҲˣҪ㿴ˣȥ
ӣġЦ
һԭ㻹е
ӣҰѻ˵˰ɣ뻤ڤȥⲻܡ
磬αءҶҪ¶ءͯĥӣǡ
ڤԵʯҲϻѾǣ֣ŴȾҪˡ
֪ʲôη壬㣬Աߵ䣬ǸͨˣеܣҲѪ֮ͯ׷
ʲôʱֵˡǸѣϣҲԼɡһ˦ӣһְֻ˻
ͯ£ȻԸͨ˿´´ࡣ
˵ţƳ㻳䣬ˣûüֹڤһΣһΣͷŹڤʲôģûȤŹǣҲˡ
ǣӣѵòãҲǧˡڤԵƭӣǸɵӡͣ˽Ų
㣬˵ʲôԡջظոյĻڤһߵģ㿴ɡǸ˶ءڤȥеȥͯѾڤı˻
ӣҪⲻˮûʤ㡣˫ü
Աи׸ԣô֪ء䣬ͯźˮγһӳɫţһԾṳ̋˺š
һֶ˼бʦȻ
պ«ư˲ʱͬʱš
ǣӺˮţһȼضܺغ·
ͯ״ֻø첲һ˦ѺչУѱһ˳ź绡ȥ
ïܣҶǲȥ
ҲͬʱȴУ˺ͯ
ϵȼ׶ߵĻҪ׳һߣȻס󣬳ҡҡͷ
˵ոˮﳯڤıϲһץϵˮһһӨ͸ϸˮӱ
ϸƯˮӣһ䣬ˮӵһͷ˩ŵڤͱžһˤ˵ǰ
ԱȻѾѪ˿ͫİºͯ
һѾס˺ͯĺ죬ӣûˮԴ¶ˡ
ͬʱڤǣǰ
磬ʡ˲ٽų̡ӣԵʯǰˣһȥɡ
ǣڤ۴ʱĺͯƸոյǫǫӣһ˫۾ƺҪѪһ仰˵ƾ㾾š
˼ɬͻȻмһƬյأ¡¡죬˼⻬ʯա
俴˿ᶯʯգһʯֻÿʯͷ϶տյģûʲô
Եʯʡ
ͯ˵ˣ͵ǵģǵԵֵԵʯȥԵʯͻӵʧ㿴񡣡
ǣڤȥУ棬ô⻬ʯô̶ܹס
ҡҡͷ²УʯҪСԡ
ϸˮһڤıѾ䵽ʯͷϡ
Ȼһקӣһִ߱ʯϹȥ
ȥɡȥһ̡ͨĺͯͻȻˡ
㣿ͼıʲôɡôţȴɿ˺ͯ졣
ͯߵߣ̧һ˫ûͫĺɫ۾󣬡䣬ڤϵı⿪˪֮ϵıԵʯǲġ
̧ѯ㡣
û
磬һνˡӵһˣˡ㿴вС˵꣬ɫװؿλýضˡ
һֻԼȡѪܵһƬ
ӣˣθʲôһֱһ
磬ŰɣȥʣµİΣڤıˣȻȡһ͸㡣ͯǰһ
㲻Ҫˣӣôȥأƭģ˵ĻȫǼٵġڤ񣬾Ǹı˼ȫôͲءץס˺ͯͼηŻȥ
䣬ڤıԷĻˡԵû˰Σ˲ˡͯһѪҪ׹ˡ
鼱֮Уֻ̧һϵҶӻ䣬εһƬҶϡ
ͯºţƮƮߵڤǰ棬ŵʯ̧˫ְڤıϡ
ͯûлͷɭȻ磬ѱ˰ɣԵʯ
Աߵɣת۷ɹһֻµľУѺͯս˺
俴Īţ۾ﻹ㰴ȥľƬƫƫʱ򣬾ƬƺεƤ
ճ֮Ȱ˻Ÿ˰֣ʾԻ
仺̧֣ǰŨ֣ƺƣԼڤλá
ָ̧ڤڤͷʼһڻˡ
ڤӱ¶˳ûѪɫ
ǰѲһȦ֮󣬸ͯĿԣºͣӣءջȥסˣңȥֻң
ҲˡӺͯ糺۾Һ徹͸ģ۾һʺѪȡ
ûʲô˵ġǼٵġӣңҰ㡣ڤĲܶˣӲӣ
𣬱˵ڤȱ˵
˵䣬ͯڤϻıˮָȻ˱׶վڤǰԼһ˫Ŀʹȥ
ȻͯȥģȴѸصǰֱۡ
˲䣬ֱѪֹסӿ˳
л˵
ĩˣȥһ


31 

۾ģһĨЦ
һס˵֡
ͬʱ, ϵҶ£˲šһɫĴӡ
ͯ׶ѱͬʱŻ𻨴䡣
Ȼûκˡ
ҶšɵɫӲ, ӱؽЩֹסѪ
ճӡӣֲֻɿ, ʣ, ʹ𣿡
Ҳ˵ͷ
ҧٲ֣һѽ§˻
ɵڤȴͻȻ˿, ָͯ, ֲֻܶȻֻһ˵ѡ
, ۾, Ҳ, Ҳ뿴㡣ʵҶ㣬Ͷ˶һġ˱, ԲΣڤְڶѡڤ, иתתͫ, 
һ˫ۣ΢΢, Ե߸, Щƣˡ
ѾڤĶ, ˵ˡȻǸ, ӣȻ׷ˣҽ԰ʵ㡣
ӣʵ㲢Ǻ֮ӡڤտ˸ͷͱӴˣڤ֪ģԼô
Ҹ粻һиĸ֮ǰֻˮ֣ûкѪҲûйڤЩҶ֪۾ӻ죬ͻȻԴǼ
ĬĻﾲš
ӵĳҪ׷ݵһǧǰǸͯӡ
캵ּпգƺöģصʱԶ˲¾Ʋ˵ȭߡ
ƶеĵӡ
ֶУҪ˵ġ
ҺãӵϱҪд֣ͱһᣬӡ
ټҴźơϷӡ¶鲻Ӷ˱ˡ
Ȼƶĸ׵İֻꡣ
ʱиͯӡ
öĵĸףֱӰ˽ȥ
ĸ̽ͯӣ޷Ūʵڲᡣ
ǣĸױӰںУһᣬͼӡ
ɱϾ⣬ĸÿζۿҪˮˣǿоȻ
βɣջпԼӳ˸
ĸҲ̣ҹ͵ӰһͶ˺ӡ
ĸһͶ̥תƫƫƮʬںӱڤ
ڤ񰲸ĸףһࡣ
ȻСӼᶨӵ˫ĿӺͻȻĻû˵ڣŲ֣Ƿӡ
ӶεϽˮ
漴ʮڣûҲһһϽ˺ˮջ
жƺֹҲð
ڣҰڤٴν١
ɣڤӵĶ꣬ʧ
ɿܾĥС꣬ڤʹһηˡ
ڤ񰲸ĸˣѳںˮ֡
˵Сˮ֣ɢĺ֮ӡ
ɴˣӱڤµˮΪ֮ӣܵطݣܿһСˮֳһˮ
Ȼˮӣûаһˮڤʼεķ
ͯһΣΣǷŲ¹µ֡
ӻ𱬵ֶ̧ͯĳˣŲʶֱӽ
ӣַͷ֮ˮɰǧѲ
һ·ڤʰ̯ӣ䣬Ҳ
ڤÿҲܻữΣפˮľׯ
ׯĴ⣬ʱ֣һȻȥ
ĻԴͲΪʱĥš
ںӱܲʪЬҲ
ƺڤֻһǸסĻԣһ鱩ߣӴ̬һʰ
תۼ䣬ڤɱħˮһһĻ緢
֮󣬱ڤһֱƸԼͬеľǺ֮ӣĲıĺӰװױ
ٷųڤϵķʧֻ䣬һȥֲʧ顣
ѰʱڤһⱲĻԣӵ۾ӣǺ֮ӣҺ㱻Ҳˣܺˮ򣬱ҡ
ӴڤӱŹţ··޽ӵ㡣

˵ڤܶˡ
ڤļ򣬿ڤİϵıˣҪȥסȴ䲻ڤͻȻַ̧һѡ
һڤôӵ֣ԼԵʯϡһ˫ۣƺЦúܵ⡣
һ˲ݵĽӴڤȾͺԵʯϣ·Եʯһġ
Ӷ˶٣һҵ۾˹ƺҲǽˡ
˵ڤЩ꣬ۿ߹ܶ񣬺ܶ˵ǲ֪ʹġӵ۾ʺ죬ȴûٶؿھôڤ
ڤ΢΢ЦЦһ˫ƺȫƣƺǿտһƬʲôҲû˵
֪ЩϢ㡣û˷ôסЩҶ֪Ϊ˶ңȡЩڶ䣬ļֻйףЩҲ֪˵˵۾Ǳܿˣ˵ȥˡ
ӣڤ΢΢Цỽӵ֣ᱡع˴ǣҲҡҺôǸ󻹱һֻţûӵġѻ˵Щ
ǰ̽̽Ȼǵڤÿһöڤ˵˵ϰˣԼĶƭĺϧ
ӻǰ˹ȥ֪ڤڽ
ӣˡҲġҪ¡ڤӵĶߵ˼䣬漴ر۾
ӣ˵ԵʯѾڤԵ֣ʱ²ˡ㻹֣ӣҲӡ
ʵ֪ġԵʯδؾ֣ԵʯԵˣлԵʯҲǿ뿪ġô㣬ȴڿ䡣ͻȻһ仰˵ûͷûβĪ
ʲô˼ӣ㣬ڤɱ̫ˣֻ˵Եֿ¸жԵʯ΢΢ü
磬ˡˣֻڤлʯͷ¶ûȤһôѾڤԡ
Ȼȷ죬ոڤµ˲䣬ʯڤΪһ壻
ǣӣƾô£ֻһʯͷЪһ㣬ôŲҲûʯͷϡ
ڤթҲһֱӣǿతŵʯͷôԵʯ᲻Ե֣ŷġ
Ǿѣû˵ʵˮҵ»ʤһڤԲʯͷϣȽŷ˻ˣ̧ͷ
ǵҲˮϵǲġ֪ʵոˮЩˮӻ˵ݶϣȫһ̹ϵӣͨ۾䲻ϵǷɵġ
Ȼ֪ոЩˮְ߬ظˡ
ڤԱߣпԼţ˵ֻȡһûЧģһԵʯҰһΪرǡ
ȷһˮϵΣȻûȡѵΡ˾ģȷҲмֶҡ
Ӳ̰ģΪ䣬ʱҲĶˡ
˵ŻӺܳϿҵѾְԼϣ֪ģǶժ˲䣬û֪뿴Լڤߣԣ䣬ȡһ˳Եʯһѡ
˵ŻԵʯѾʼŲ¡¡Ǿʯ
ڤۿҪˣ鼱У۾ѾжҪ˭Ŀ
㣬ľѣôҪΪֻһѾУȥɡǰȥһ
㻹ǲϷ֡
Ӱ˫ָ߾ٹͷʾѾκΣˡ
׳촽ЦЦѣ԰ɡѾ͸ðһѡ
ɲǼ䣬ΧļʯͷѾʼм䳾۾Һ˳ر۾ͬʱĻ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬䰴ӵ˫ԸԳڤԱʱҲͬʱ˫£һθڤһɾ޴һ䡣
ɲǼ䣬糺۾ðɭϹ⣬۾ģһĨյЦ
ȷԼͬʱ׳ʣµİΡ
͵غһۿҪԵʯ
ûаԥһһסεͬʱѾԵʯ


32 
Եʯ
۵زֱӡ
ոԵʯ, ͸ڤһ˫ȷ·Եʯϵ̳ʯѾȫԵʯڳһ塣
վ, ôվҪȥһһ̿ʼǰͺͻȻŨ֣ͻȻˡûŪ״, ɤһһ˵ˡ
, Բ𡣡ȡѾºؿڵɫ԰ף㲣˸ˡ
ȡ֮ǰ, һͷڷ쾫Ӣ, ͬһϣǶͷ׷
һ, ʯ,ǧ, ڤҵΨһһ£Ҹˡ磬ڤµ䡣Բ𡣶Բ𡭡ӵѾ, ȴһֱڸǸ
Աߵ˫ü, һ仰Ҳû˵
ۿӺڤŵʯͷڼξҷ֮, Ų£ҵһ, Ѿʼ³ˡ
˰۾, Լȡ۾ߵСƬ, ȿǰĻ, ǰ̧־ץסӡ
Ȼ׳֮ǰ˾ԵʯҲ뿪ĻһѰסӵİװǾѣͲú
ȥ㣬䡣ʣһӵҲᡣ
䲻ۣܼ־ҧǾѣû뺦ո˵Եʯδ֣лʯͷ뿪ʲô˼
䣬Сǣõû˸ͷ
ͻȻЦڤ䣬Ե޷֡ô˵أǺĵģԵʯӣôҲܰγȥϧ͸ǵԵ֣ⱲӶҪһͬˡ
ڤĻģô˷ʱ䡣
ץסӲţʣӣңôܾ㣿
㣬𣿡ӻŵͬʱǵԵʯѾȥһˡ
ڤҪ𣿡תͷ˿Աߵڤ
ҿۡڤͷر۾
ˣôԼƭظڤЦЦŻش䣬ȻڤͬˡҿԸ㡣
ӵѾʼˡ
ԵʯϵˣǾȲáνԵ޷ʯͷʯͷϵԵ֡һģԸԵʯᣬܸжԵʯ
ƶǶӣǸͨˣֱܼܲЩ͸ҵ׸ô
䣬ɲǸѯʵ̬ȡϰ䣬΢΢£ʾһЩ
䣬ԶͻȻӺк䡣
ϴӦž̧Žţ÷ӣӣ㵱ѡ治ˡȥôǡ
俿ˣӵܴҲ£ƢĻԽ˵Խ
ͷʾˡ
ӵؿڣȥֶ˼䣬ĲֹգŶӵĹȡ
䰴ӸģİӵȻһСȡ˳Ž˶
΢ЦЩˣ˼Ų˵£ԵʯΪ磬ЩŤǰ¶
ͷ
ۿҪˣͻȻһ䣬䣬Ǹ·ɲа
ڣǰ׶һʯͷô
һӺлû˵ڣֻصشżˡ
Եʯʧڤֲͷﴫ¶ĸ㣬ͨ˲ԵʯңԵʯ㲻С
󣬻һޡ
̶ʮӣڤ˾ǰԵʯԵΪһ壬
仹˵ŸոϵʹŽţ߶ţˣڤ
䣬حǵ棬иܴĿռ䣬Ҷһһֱģˡ
װŵʱ򣬷ĥӵĻ
˿ԼֱĺܺáһɫĴ棬ѪѾȫֹסˡ
ʱûڸɶţ𻨴ı׶Ļˮ´ɫķ϶У˵
һҧˮ˱׶˿һʹòð
ɫ˿Ѫˡ
תصߣ˫ֳһģˡ
䣬ǵýʱ·ôƽ
ˮˣȻǵˡشɡ
䣬ҵϢ죬ȻȥˡƵϣûʲôı飬ѱϲŭ
ȻǶļ仰УദҲ·
ҲŻȥϾѧУҲû١ˮұӣǺˣҲȲˡ˵þô¶
ƺ׼ûԵʯϵһֻֻܶݹһСľӡ
һֲֻ̫ˣСӷʯͷϣƿ˸ӣµݸ䣬˵Сҩ˰ɣˮԺͲˮˡ
ʲô
ȻӵΣոʯͷŵĹǰƬС
ҩרԤˮҩһغ˵˵
ášҪˮ֮ǰͳϡҪȥСľУһѶ˻ȥ
Ӻ̫ͯһݣҪģ㲻Ūˡ
ԴЩؿ㣬дţǸôС
ɲʲôνӣʵҩʱЧ
䣬ˮҩ裬ֻţҪι԰ɡ㻰ճڣЩڡ
شؿ켫ˣð˵ſ죬ŲӣȵƤýźʯӡ
Ͽ磬ֻС裬Ᵽ־һϷ翪ⶪ˽ȥ
죬װѣСҩ衣
ոСľװӵΣϲ˵Ҳµõҩٲʲô
ʣŻ۾˵䣬ȥɡһӣ첻ȥˡ
һӣһ˰ɡ
Ե֣ԵʯԴԵȥܰѶµԵʯ
ովǰڤӣȴԼŵʯͷֲֻᡣ
ۣ̣һֱҵʧô
ոոһ·׷ӵʱ򣬼ʶ˿㻹һֻ֡
µðʯͷϸûŸлʯͷʯͷͻ
ֻƳһѾʯͷһȣûҶͣ̽һ䣬Ҳôһȥ
ڲˡһһˣʼʣû˼ˡˡңҪˡ۾û
ˣҡ֣ڤӵĻһޡ
˼ɴ˳˵ΪҾͲȥֻɭĵط͹˵ġ˵ţ仹˫ϥ˼£ĺܺ£Ҳ
ô˵۾ʣ»Ͻߣ
̧֣һɫıѪȾ糺졣
ûס˫ȥץס֣һ첲ˣֻ̧ץס
첲һѾһĴ죬￩һ£治©ɫشԹԼ˵֡
Ŵô֮󣬵ʱΪֹѪˣո˵ˣڲžúʹ
˵ţ沿Ҳų鶯˼£ʹ̡
㵥ɿɫı澹©һı׶պ˿
ôᱻˡ۵ؼβֱӡ
ɿˣѪ˳޳ָ⻬žણžવʯϡ
ʹ俴۾װҧ촽һӶûϣſƵģĺʹ
΢ûڣϽ֣ô˿ڣҪˮǲǻʹҪǸȾˣ̰ɡ
̧۽ڵͫѵѪǰһţ㲻ǺôҪôҲ˵ôҪŪһһ쿴
㻹ءҪʹˡ
˫Ϸһӣһ䲻ˡ


33 
๷
䣬ˡ
˵֡
Ʋ, ȻؾͰֵı׾ֵ쾡¡
ţ, һôҲˡ
ǰ˵ǻȸһָһҲܰ˰á
ɻ䣬һϳ鴤, һϰӴŪ
˿, ȥˡ
䣬òˡֱӰֹѪɡһѶ˱
䣺Ȼа취ġ
û̧ͷƮݲͫȥĿʱ̬, ֻᱧԹ,֪㶼ˣа취ǡ
, նӲ, ʵܺ, ʣ䣬ҿ԰һ˿ֻһ¾ͺá
Ȼã
ò׿ٳô˿ڡһ¾ͺ˻ô£
ȻֲһӾܾ
仺̧۾糺, Ͻֵͷ
˵ʱõĶ, ǲͣT½, T߽ҪĿˡ˰죬ʱ, ſڡ
, Ǹ, ող˵ʲô;, ˵˵ƫƫֲ˵ˣԱ֧ȣ˫ֱСȸɣͷҲ˽ȥϵѪȾ˶Ьӡ
Լ˵ĻȻǵãոո䣬˵һһˣѾˣٷ
˵жΥģȻ֪
Ȼȷ˵ˡ
ΪԵʯһһ
𣬴ǰǸСʱյصıϰ꣬Ͳ֪ΪʲôинУ͡
ֱ䡭
ʯͷ˲䣬ѾԵʯԵ֡һҲûԹ
Լһ񶼻
ڣԼ˵Ļ侽ȵΪѣܼˡ
䣬ոҪȥԴڿлͣ˿ҲˣҪԼһ¡Ĵˡ
һ̧ƬҶӣɫıݸ䡣
ӹҲװˣֱˡ
Ǹ㣬˵Ҫʯͷϣʲôѽ
ʵǺԺӳʲôֻϽѰ¶ʱƪ
üһˣ
䣺ʵı£Զ
ӣЦúģţе
˼ţôһÿǶͣСʵÿ϶վſ
ûüôǡ
Աһ죬ÿ糿ֽӾ͵˹
㳯ֽһ£ֽӣҲȰӣ
ôһ룬ϳŵʱȷ˵׼緹
ֻǣһιģӲĶĲ˵ȻֽӶûʪ
ҲǣӺӵ·϶ǵˮմ
Ҳ֪жڤڤоÿ²ɼ
Ȼֻܶһֻ֣ڵƺһֻ֡
㲻ԣ
ԡ
ֻĸӣ
š
룬ͳһӣСҧһڡ
ʵú⣬㶼ˣʳΪʲôԱأ
Ĳᡣ
ǽʾ֭Ҳһ̶ˮ
ŰֺݺݵҧһڣͨڴӣǺóԡ
ҭš
仹ҭţת͸ݹһƿˮ
˿ˮôô㲻ȥˣԺ˭ͺóԵġҲϲѧУʳõķˡȻ㶼ܲԷԺҲˡ
Դûԥýڸͷ
ٳСԶˡû磬ҪĲĸԱ
ڳһӡʣµ°ˡ
㿴Ҫţ
šҪǻزȥ죬ҲĿóԷá
ȻάεӣҲǲóԷû
ֽҿ˿һ˶ӣһTôֽӣǶۡ
Աߵ㣬·ֽTš
ȸҰɡȻ㿪ˡ
ָȥֽӣOO@@Ҳû磬ͻȻĹľ
죬ЩͷƳԱߵʯͷϵˣְͦã㲻ٰȡҶˡ
㣺βҡ
ŤͷĹľԷ˹ȥ
ƺʲôڶԣܣڳܹ
ңһֻʲôһȺ
߿˿ʣ𣿡
컹ûڣȺûͷ
ҶĦѾԽԽˡ
ŤͷŹľһǽӽëǡװµزУֻ֣ס㱻Եʯ̶ס˵ۡ
䱧첲úȻҡҡʣǣȥͦǵġѵ֣
๷ᵽѪζʳˡû
๷ȺӽĬĬģǺôҲҰޣֻҶɳɳ
סҲ˵һӽڵĴʯΧһ˫˫ͫҲһ°ʹļ档
ãû˦
£Ѿ๷ͷ˾ö룬ŴͻȻЩ뻯ˡ
Ҹ첲̧ۼֿ죬һץס󣬡ȵȣȻĶﲻɱ
Ե֣ȻûϵȻô˵ţ㻹ǰַˡ
˵ŻϿֻ첲Ѿűı۰򣬡಻ɱϿģһµľЭ顣
ǰ๷Ⱥǰצ߰ǵأ˴˶֮ƺȷǰζƺ׳֣ѾҪȺļˡ
ת˿ϵ䣬Щסˣ۽΢΢䣬ҿǲ̫ӣȷôŸüĿ飬Ծȣ
ЬϻմѪԸоǰ๷Ⱥƽɱ
ֻظУ԰һߵ๷Ⱥǵһο£˷ܵġ
Ȼ˦ȥŵЩײеëǾǼӵ¶ôȻһֻߡ
诣Щڷ
ʱ
໡һƥ๷ͺŵĺ˹ëȻͨ˺ë
䱧ĸ첲˺ܣ죬㷢˼˻˻˻𡣡
һֱ㻹Ǳסˣһ䣬ڶ๷׳ӲȮݣҧѹͷȷöĻô
û˵ֻ๷һͬʱмʯͷϵ˷ܽһӵϡ
䲻浽ǧһʱ˱롣
û˦ȥѾͻȻ̧֣ΪΧľֻë׶˳Ƶˡ
ֻʯͷΧΧһȦƺΧһȦ͸Щ๷ſˮͷһİ֫Ǵ粽̤
㣬ǣ̧Դ
˲㱡硣ֻܿǡشؼ򵥡
䣬ѪĲֹ๷ҿµðֹѪֱ̧ۡ
ͻȻһȵȣҺף˵Լ
˵ţ⿪˱ֱϻŵѪԼ˼ڡ
ȿȡûɾǺһڣֱ̧ϲһѣ϶ȾѪ
һٶΧŵ๷Ǹ˷ܴ̼צضˣƺܴǧ֮⡣
ĺ󱳣ʣ䣬ᵽڽӽˡɣ𣿡
̧۵׹ҷ۵һӣֲĲ˰죬Ϊص˵ͷ
ͷ̧ߣֻ˵˿ڡ
һ飬ץס󣬡Ūʹˣ
ǣԴСЩ
һ¡ѪϻΣա
û˵˿ڣѾѪˡ
Ѫĺۼ޳ָŽ˱ɾѪ
΢΢󣬶ûˮ˱漴֡
䣬ǱߡĲϣȴǲˡ
ԴŴʣʲôɫһﲻ崿
ǹİɡ仰ûʳڡ
Ѿ๷ĺǱһȦѪܡ
䣬ҿô˾仰ֻ˰䡣
ֻ˵ˡ
ǣֻ˵ͷ
䣬ˡͬʱѾĴǡ
һΣҲ΢΢ſ죬û˵ͷ·һӣͣǱߵһ˱˽
СߵŵĿһ˽漴Լŵ
֪ǰֻжô䣬ôһĻ
˿̵·У˿壬ԹΪأ̽ȥһ㣬ŵĳǳء
֮ȴͣˣΪǸ˾ͻȻҵػӦ
л˵
мֽ𰣬jjĻлСʹӪҺ


34 

磬Թ˾ɢˣҲá
һڵ¸СĳǾѪȡ
һ, ӭȥǻǹѪֻһԼѪ
·£һٸ, ֻƲͣ˫ؿڣѿƲס˪֮Ҳȥ
Եʯ, һٸƣư, ˫ֱļ򣬿ǵⶥǲˡ
˺ôľҪ, ȥҲ, ֻǳУ۾
䡣
ֱ۾
ˣ
˺ôһȦ, ò׿ʼĽ, ӽ̸İ취ûüԡͽˡ
䲻ĵ۾, һָָ̧֣󡣡ꡪ
Ϊ, Ϣſʯͷϵһƥѩ׵ǡ
ξǣǰ졣ȷŲϴ
һ⻬ѩ׵Ƥë, ๤ﶩǵһƥƯӦ÷ݶǶ԰ѩǡ
Ҷ㻻, վں档
ûͷɿ, ڸѩ˵, ȴһֱ䡣
, , ǵһ£ȥ๷ͻ
ѩǾȻ˵˻һʶ
ȻЩӣΧӴľûˡ
һֻϡж˵˻Щܲܡ
䡪ֻѩѵոջںKISS
߻û뿪Ĵǣ˻ƣ䣬Ҷֻѩǡ
䣺Լ۾ῴ
ദˣϰⶼҪʣո˵ҲǾѣ
š
ı¾ǣܼ⣬һһֻش
ˣΧ๷ԽԽ࣬Ѿվţѩǣһͺ
ѩڿԾʱֱҧסվǰ๷
ס๷ĲѪδԱߵĴһ˦๷Ѿ˳ȥ
תۣ๷ҲʶȤ˼
ͷһ
ǰ๷ǻţ˼תβͷصܵˡ
Ǹ๷ŵź경ӻصʯͷԱߣһЦҸֻ๷СҿڸϹ·Ͼ˵ɱء
أ
Ȯһ˳ߵߣ˵䶼Լˡ
Լˣ䲻
ҶͨˡŻȥϻ̫ࡣֱм䡣
ЦЦո濴ʯͷϵӣҲġ¶֪
ͷͻȻչѩ˳ĺܣһ䣬ȴڶ˵Ļȴˡ
ֱӽ˽磬ҶͳȥֻǸͨˣϻ
ǰԵʲôΪˣ
ǿ˽磬ٿˣҳפԵ֣ӶϤԵʯȹңЩұ
ʵýҶʲô
ԵʯԵģǽƻĺܡΪסѾʯͷԵֵˣʯͷϵ˴ߣԵʯժȡƬļ䷴֡Ƕ˶٣û˵
˵һֱʲôϸ䡣㣬ʯͷֻõƬļ䣬˵᲻㣬㡣
ģһϽ뿪㿴䣬ͻȻ˵ҶԵֵػǣԵʯ˵˵ġ
һӣͻȻʲôƵģҶûζԲԣΪйԵʯܡҶ˵ˣ
Ѿ˽硣
ͻȻأȵȣҶ㲻˵ˡйʧ
߲˲䣬䣬֪ѰԼ˵ļ䡣ǣЩǲŵġء
ֻǸЩǲŵģֻǱͺ˵ʲôˡ
ǵͫһؿ䣬ƺѹƾôֻһͺǽС
ˣƥͼʲôѾˡ
䲻ͷѹ΢Ц̧İǲʯͷϵԴȥɡˣ֪ء
תջƻ裬俴Զȥİǣֻͷƴһ俪ͷЩǲŵġʵ̫
ʯͷΧǹľԣϦϣӰóġ
һ޷ǾǴȥ
Ҳܾˣˡһת־͸Ҫʣ¼ӣǸɴࡣ
㣬㲻ôŸˣٳԸӾߣܵ
󷽣ֽѰͳʱ۾ЩˣϦһΣӳϦɫĹ⣬ůůġ
㣬㻹ǵιҳ԰𣿼ȻˣԺҲˡǳԶٷַɡѧУеġǶ¿ʼתû˵
û˵Щ̫ͻȻЩĪ
Ҳûбˡιҳһΰ𣿡ֽóһӣ
û˫͵Լߣ㿴Χֵֹô࣬ҶĽءֻһµļ䣬ʵֻʶһСһֱ֪ѣԭҲѡ㿴ҶЦһѶûС
һɳɫ˵ɫһ˫һҲӳŹ⣬۾ɫĹӳŷɫʱ۾ûʲôϷݣÿ仰˵úϡ
㣬ΪԼһҫˡô˵ֻǸ۵С
Ѷ磬ź磬ǸϧѾˡȻҪ֣Զɢİ磬ְɣŴ
ȥˣ̧˰ӣ͡
㣬Ȱӣճٰ֣Ҽһ𣿡Ҫһһֲܶ࣬Ǻܹ֡
㻺ˣð˻ƣСĵ㣬š
ϲȵģ̣ΪΪůİӸոպá
̣ϲȵġ˵ţҧ˼ڡ
ճİộܲҧŰӣѾ̵ᶼ
䣬Ųȶˣ㲻ĿȥҲǶ㲻
ԣˡ֮ǰҵߣֹѪҷȥ𣿡ŰӣԽ˵Խί
ֲ̧˰飬ȴû򵥵ءšһ
ϣԣȼð̵ʲȥϣܰ»Ҳһ˲˽ϣǵʱͣ
ǣʲôû
仹ǰӶˣԵòشȡһڰӣûһ̻ҧָ
ֵرľ롣
֮ӴȡһӣܳϿҵ˵㣬ʵһֱ㷢֡ܡʲôܡ֪ҲˡȻǷַˡιһΰ𣿡
һĨȥ۽Ǳߵ飬û˵
ҲѰӼȣһůĵĲֻ͡ѰӼӱˣҲֻһĵķԸι𣿡ϵ˵ÿһ֣۾ûգһ¡
㱻ŪķңŲ˵Ѿļޣû˵ʲôַô˴ιҲǻơ
ǣû취ܾѾݵߵİӣ䣬ſ졣
ιӵӣ۾Ҫǵðˡ
ʲôҲԸˣȻǷ磬Թ˾ɢˣҲá
һҧ˴ӣӹȻ¶ȣġ
ѲںӵζȥҪȥҧʣµİӣȴİڻΣε
䣬㡢ֱ֡𶯡Ѱǰһͣһ仰˵úܼѡ
ͻȻˣ䣬ʲôˣ
ǣȴûʳˡ


35 

޳ָѾؿڵڶ
ӵͳСֽ, ڶҲһֱܲװһСɶ꣬жڲͣ䶯
Ķ߶, СֽͿ˲㰲һĤĶȻ̫ɽˣµĤͻʧ
, ӸҩۣǾͱ֮ǰϡ
ȷСֽİɫĩǲǺö, ģڤ׼ġ
ǵ׸֮˫ͨ, ͫ, ǶԼľں޺;, ҲжǸ⡣
, Ҳŵ㡣㷴ظġѡ, ȻԼ϶ѣ±ӹһأ仹ѡ
ǵظ߹, ǺںɵۣȥЧӦ
ķĩ, ĥļ侫ϸ, ξҲԵξ֮
Ȼ, иתۡ
Ҳ̹ϸ߹, Щڤ߹޹, ֮İʱ, ˯ȥͨ˷ˣǾǻ˯ꡣ
䲢ûȫСֽҩЧȴʮһ£һߣû취Եʯˡ
ԣϦĽ۹µʱˣȻɲڴһ٣ֻӲͷƤһԡ
ӵ۸һմСֽĩҪɳ
ֻסǶˡ
֮Ǵƭ㣬ȴҲʵʵһϷֱӽȥҩ۵Ķӡ
̶̲ӵĹı۾ﶼġ
ԣҲغȻȻǾĲ߻һϷϷȫûè塣
˫֣ʱ˫ŶǱҪˡ
ڣ俴ѾԴ֧֧ᣬȫƽʱľһֵˡ
û˵ͱ۾
ӽ̸ģҪ¡
ԵʯֻҪӴ˶ʯͷΪһ塣
ӷܶķΧԽСԽÿơӲ˵ô򵥵ĵҲס
ļһƽҪ鿪ֵʱ仹ԥˡ
ֳˣĺ󱳣׶Եʯӣӵ˲˫ȺԵʯһ壬ٲܶˡ
һƭģûܴ
ô㱾ܶŵһֻʯˡ
ԸԵܴ硣ӵĻֻǣ̫ˣȴһֱ
ǲһУĳ̫ˣȥˣһӡ
Ҫֵʱ仹ͣˡ
ȡСѼññӰƽַñӺ׾ͱһש
ƺԼɵñӱש⣬浽ĺ棬ֱַש̫ˣԲ⻹׻
ǣһ̧ĲӣһרעѰűשλã˼ΣһֱӰѱשԵʯϡ
οȥͦͷְƷȥмıڵЩмȥγһС棬ٲȻһƵıͷ
ŰԴȥ
СѵļһۿֻһŲ˽뿴űͷӢӣͷһء
ϸ꣬ʹ۾ۿü崦һǳǳ˺˲ֱӡ
Թͦı˸ոոཻսǱߡƬϸޣϴдǷ
һֱûע˫ɫʱϸ֪ǲΪѪԵø
ĺỬʳָŲȥ´ϵѪȻֻĴ˾һˡ
Ҳֺ䣬Ĵȵ֡
ָǶ㿪ˣ°ϡֻʱע⵽°һǳǳ׳ơʹָۡ˹
Ծ䣬ָ⻮ǳԵԷֱ˹˳²ָǵ͹ĺᴦֻ˹ȥ
䲻ΪʲôԱĺ²ȫû·
ʱϸԱƷǿҲһ׾װƷ
ںܸߣϵ̿۵ڡ
ƽº˼ҺŰʳָ˺ɫıװ̿档
ַֻ̿˶û⿪
ǵãѹҩЧֻаʱ
֮޾ҪˣҪŻȥ
ʱ䲻࣬ôһ룬ļԣָֻɴһˡ
̿۵ĿۺСϵ۵Сرѽ⡣
ʿĳǿۿӹ⻬϶Ϊ˷⿪̿ȴǡǡ෴
š
ÿļ翪˫ϥʱǱӵЩ͡
īŻһӶû⿪ЩżˡȻҲЩΣʱ䲻ˣݲ룬ֻɴ򵥴ֱĶϡ
ڵĿӽ⿪ˣ¶ǡڣɫƷǷۣ̿滹һӣ滹һƬɫ¡
˵ħϷĵһأ⿪һӣ͸̿۽ӡ޳ָѾؿڵڶˡ
һβΣβΣȻӵҲǸ֣ܿ⿪ؿϵ̿ۡ
򿪺ɫ£һƯȴǿű½¶˳
ȻǵԼʹʲôԼÿЦһյĺܺõĶѡ
乴˹ǣ˴ͣӡǵָǣ˵ӣע⵽ǰұۡ
˷ƽ⿪ؿڼӣһ۹ȥʮӡ
ֵֻʶ㿴Ʋ̧һӣһѾסӵ졣
ˮʱ򣬾ȫȫ٣ȴӰгΣ㿪ˡ
ֻ֣Զ׼
ֻǻڣӦѸٰȥʯͷһȡʱ䡣
ǣֻĴ֣ˣһƤѾˣֺס
ô᲻ǵãڼֵֻȼ
ʲôҲû˵
ϣҲֻ֣Ӻ̳
ֻ֣ͬůӣ·Ѿ
һʼɱڤûиԵʯԵ⣺ɴЩֶֻ
漴ѵһһ˦ֻҸ첲˦ԱߡҸ첲ס֮ûʯһ塣
Żع鵽¶ϣרעۣ̿ǽŽţͻȻͣ
⿪ۣ̿⿪һĺ£Ȼء
һľ綼ֻͣǴֶ̫ˮûвµĻ档
е֪ʶԴЩνԱܡ
ѾԼڷˡ
ŲŲ˺ɫƷϵûֻۣ̿Ǽ򵥵Ľۣ֪ѽһ¾ܽ⿪ûʲôѵġ
ǣѾʼˣְֲ꣬ۿˡ
ͬʱ
䣬ڸʲô
Ķߡ
һӣĶ쵽˶ӡ
Ĥһӹ˷ߵ·ŻϵػصţŽ۵˫Ѿܿأ˪ָ֮к˳Ͻ˱
ıѾԵʯϣӲͦŲǿס򢣬ƽһƮƣ䣬ôˣ


36 
ҹĻ
о㵣񺹣
䡣һν֡
°ͿԼؽ, ͨĶϣȴһ˫һӣ㿪ߡ

˻αŵұ, 룬䶳ϱǾΥˡ
Ŵʯ˵Ĵ, ɵ˱ͷϣ۾
ȸ˵е, Ȼͨ˵ӣϵ˪֮ȴǷֺδ
ǸСʱÿαᱻֽ, 㵱ʱδ, ȼҲûлڿ
ֱժ, ˱, 췣, ȴҲΡ
۾Ըȥ롣
Ѱ֮ȥ׷ǰ²֮, ˵©죬Ը, 򵥿ĵͨ, Ϊһ

ԣȻұ۵ıⲻ
˼, 仹û˵
ס°, 󱳶ԵʯΪһ, ֻǿŲ, ̧ͷ˵䣬ܸܲң㵽ʲô
ؼң뿪ҳȥ΢΢ţŴȴûɿƤĽۡ
䣬Ҫˣ뿪Ҳܴȥһƽ͵ظȰ˺ܶĻ
㣬ƭˡԣԵŵЩˣɴһ죬Ķʵˡ
˿ԵӸģ䣬Ǽٵģ޷ڤҲѣ׵ġ
ˣĺҪԣԲ֪˭ĻǼٵġҲ˿شȴܼᶨ
׷һ˫һֱŵһӣʣ֪ʲôǽԵ𣿡
ҡҿԡ˵꣬һѳ˺ɫƷϵƤ
䣬Ե˵ϣûи㣬㡣һֱ̧ŲӣϢȣƽ˲ż˵ԵʯģƭѾԹ˷粻ô䣬ϲ𣿡
ţͻȻʵһĵиϸСڻش⣬ϲ
㱼䣬Լħᶨػش𣬡ϲ˶ֲҲҪԡ
ͣ˼ӡ
䣬ǲˣһͨˣңֻôԣɭȻ
ƤһԣָѾ˺ڲϵĿӣãﲻ̿ۡ
䣬ȰԼ¶һűұʯ
ǸСʱʼÿο񶼻ܷ꣬ΪڸϵķӦʱֵؼΪꡣ
ոұۣЩˣźԼƽ
Ͼϰȥˣǰѧģ͡
۾лıͷͷԲٷȣĿƽˮôǸطҲԾƽˡ
һΪѳֲ֣ûУֻǱ۾˵ѡ
ҧҧҲֱӳ˿ӡ
ֻǣҲȷᣬôԣôԣ
Ů컣ΨĻ棬Ҫ˵ϣһһӦһһ
ǰ㣬ôһƽ㣬ûа
ǻǴڽȥһֻӣ죬ĤҪˡ
̧֣ȥһȴû£ΪոջƤĽ˪
䣬·ɲа
䣬Լ¶

ӺĻ
Ĳ֪ôˡ
һҪԵģԼģû˱ȡȻҲû˰æ
΢΢˫ֳ˫Աߣǰ
̫ˣŲסˣʱ㻺۾
Ŀʱ㻹Ǵ۽ޣĿ˻ȥ
ˣȻô᲻õǸ
䣬ôɭȻᣬůů¶ȡ
Ųסˣ˫һŻ˫صû·Ĵϡ
Ȼçײش룬õĻӦ
Ӳֱܶ˱ֻ˫סûлش⣬ȴڻشᡣ
ʧˣסˣȻô
Ϊȥᱻ裬ܾĮȻûС
˽ܶķΧ̶ޣȴ޵ķΧڣĻӦ
Ϊ䷽㣬΢΢˱ⶥŲӣȥ̽̽ǿСɿɰӺ˺ҧ
Щͣƺڱܣûз̽࣬Ƿȥĥűݺݺҧ˼£漴˱Ѫζȴֲɿڡ
Ѿͨ죬ˡ
һ˲ãԼֻҪ˵Ѫζϸˡ
䲻֪ôˣͷͷȵѾѾǲɿڣѾ΢΢һϸСĺ顣
ۿҪιȥˣɿڵͬʱһ۽ޣһκ˳ŷң۾
˲䣬о㵣񺹣:f
գգ۾ʱϵıһ㿪ʼڻˡ
ĵذұ۷˶ϣ̧۽ȵ䡣
Ȼ̧ĺ󱳣˵䣬˯һɡ
˳ԹԵذţůţһ˯⣬̲ס˼Ƿ漴ǣؽξ
ԴʶСжûˣ֮ǰһʱظͬһΣûɫʣֻ·
һֱһʹɳƣȴĶߣ䣬ֽϵı⿪ȻҲ˫ȣɵޡ
һΣͬͬĻظţȴɫ
ʼԶԶĺֻһīֻкɫһģĻˣһ¡
أڿС
Сˣ㣬޵
ϦջһĨȹ⣬ɴ̵ҲīɫϹżĨɫıƣһƬԵֵҹĻĽ١
۾ǰѾһƬҹĻ
ҵĺܸߣʱèͷӥͳĹ
һʯӣһ˫ҹɫƺųȹ⣬۾Ҳڿ
ʮӹȥӦ˺ڰķɹөǰĺڰ
俴Լ˶ӵֱϡ
ֻ֣ᳵ·һһ°
䣬Ұ㡣һҹɫʣȴɡ
Ȼ㲻һֱܾô
ӦоԼһСƳųѾ˼¡
䣬¡
ܲʲôձĸоȴëɪɪ
䣬ɡʹ˻ƸξǸȻһģһ
ŵĵطȷձ
Ȼȴһתӷ·˲
һʹվǿţ
ֻĶ棬޴ӡ
ظоˣô׳Ĵ֮ƣһ;سķߡ
Ʒˣţ޵滨ꡣ
ʣȴûһ˿οֻһͳ䣬У


37 
޳
֪ȡ񺹣Ҳ֪
ʵ̫, ζݣȫϷ޵ϡﻩ
ֻͦһû
㿴޵, סˡ
Եʯϵ˽Եܰ˴ߣǸ̫ϵĴ˵ˡ
٣һǧ, 㻹ûһ¶
ڸոһκˮʱ, Ө͸˪ĺУ˲Ƣξ
һֱĥƺһӲô۵ˡ
ԭ񺹵Ĵ, Ҳġ
ȼ, ˪֮ı
εò˲һŨҵƺдаħζҲ̽񺹵ζѰ
, ʱע⡣
Ͼ, ʵ, Ҳġ
ֻǣԵ¶ûǿҪ
, ֻʶ˼䣬һͨ˶, Ķĵ, Ȼ
ѽǣϼᶨظϲ, ȴǷҪԡԵ
߸ϵһֱ˼ѽ, Ϊ˵, ˼ά졣
һԵʯ, ܶˣ̧ЩӲ֣ϡ
ӣԵʯֻ֣ҪԵ˽ԵܴԵʯϵˣĴ˵ġ
㿴ϣͬʱҲ޵滨ı飬ʵڲ̣̫˰ɡ
߹Ҫɣַŷ֣սøˡ
ܵˣŶԣ̽ȥˣȴֻվãһҶ
䣬Ҫ˰ɡѯʡ
Ȼŵ˵ͷ
˫ְ˸߸߾ñ˴˷ֿˣְ¡
û˹ᴩǿ׳ʵͦϵӣѻ֧ţֱӵϡ
䣬𣿡ĺ󱳣ʡ
شǼ̵°ؿڵ˵㡣
䣬㻹ڿޣĴָĨ˰ʪ
شķ˿ؿڣԴҡҡ
ڱͷϣṴǡ޳˻ҡͷء
ıģ֪Ҳδڿڵ¶
ǣ㲻˵һְıһһΰ䣬ˣᳵ·
ڣǱ滨ʯϡ
滨飬§ŵֻèһԹԱ۾ص˿
첲ܶˣèƺû˯š
š
èʣأ
ܡ
èЩܾһսǣǻҪһΣ
˶٣ˡ
èƺϲ˲ʵҲͦģͦġ
㣺ֻ۾ġ
֪һµҪˡ
èĺþЦҳֻһĨƭԼĿЦˡ
ȳƣ˯ʵˣֹ˺þãϵԼĿӡ
䲢û˯ȥٸ˵˵ģϾͻȻ⣬ת180ȡ
֪ôģȻһ죬ͻشˡϲ֣иС˼֪᲻ϲء
ûװոҪ۵ιȥǣһ̣ʮֲᡣ
ܶĸоԱһ˿ڴڴ֮ٷһΡ
ֻЩû˵ˡ
֪ӵˣˣֻʯ֣ҲƤ죬˵ůϣܿͽξ
ƺƽʱͬǿֻ
ոǸǵΣظųˡ
˫ȣɵޡ仰ڶˣ޹ˣŶˡ
仰ȻһɷŸ˵ġ
ѹȴѲ
ξˡ
ƺһѨ俴һƮȻԼǵģҲоõԼ
ԼºƮƮ׹ʱһ۷סˡϤĺµɫ
ۣϤĺ½Ȼͬ
̿ϵڣ³ڵʵһݽľС
ֻۣһۣϱˣֻΨһһۡŷŵ
Ȼ۸ϤĺȴȫͬһǶС㣬Ǹ
㱼䣬۴ֱس£仹ǵһοԼı
ϵӽ̫Զû۸ЩʲôֱӽԽԽŷ֣ԼĺѪ߰˺
죬ǶԼʲôụ̂˿ڣԹ۶ʹ
˺ɲƺû˿ЦŵɭȻ
ξԼһֱҧ˫һ仰Ҳû˵ƺҲƺ޷ѡ
俴۴Ӻ汧Լü壬ҧԼҶ׹˻ƣ䣬ץˡȥһɡ
漴۽⿪˺ۣԱ߿źðѪĳӣԼͨһ˽ȥ
ƴҡͷҪ޳ܣ޳ܣ
ں˳ˡ
һˣ޳ܵո
һ˫ӨһӼ˫۳һ鿴ֻͷ㣬㲻Ҫ
һ۵׶ˣŵ֣ʣجˣ
ࣺ㣬Һܶ£ԡϣܳʵػشҵ⡣
áûš
ڣ㣬ұʲôǰξ̫ʵˣ֪ǡ𣿡
ǡǡ
Ҳʶ𣿡
ԡ
俴ŵţ֪ôˣ˵㡢㡢Ǵһиˮӣ
ǡ
ѾʼˣԴǣջˣ㣬ң
˼ӣĬУ˵ĺܼ٣˵ǡû취Եɡ
ǵǸЦжţҲǵǸԼҧ´ж
ˣ·
˫ϥԱߣ̧ͷŸ߹ϵ£ʵñ䣬㣬Ϊʲôң
һûлش
¸˵ˣҾͲ뿪Եʯˣˣôˡ
㣺ҶѹԵʯԣƬξ
룬䵽μʲô
Ըո˯ˣңǡͻȻЦҹɫ峺
̧Ĩ˰û˵
㣬ҼȻӦ¶һġҲʯͷϣôûشҵ⣬𣿡
šҶˡ㿴ˣٵȲһشϬ۾ݲˡ
ֲ˼άҲǼ򵥡ɱ𣿡ոЬ߻س˳ţʵøֱˡ
šɴ۾ɱɱˣҲնˡ
񺹣˵˺кôƹˤ뵽ˣصʡ
ͨûô洦һ񺹣׳Σ紫ġʵش
֪ȡ񺹣㣬Ҳ֪
㣺Ȼ֪֮ǰûŹ
ոչǵҳȡ񺹣ôѾ˺쳾УƺҲ͸㡣
㣺ǵģ䣬ġ
л˵
ϲ£ˣСɰǾõˡµǸ


38 
׹
Сܻô𣿡
һֱ, Сļ£һ·ǻ
֪ˣô, ǻʹ
ʯͷϣжܿأոյһ, ġ
ֻ£ŻӦǡ
Ĳ֪, һǻôᴦĽΪһȥǡ
˪֮û˹仰, ȴĺ
Ȼ, ʵվʵһκɲɵ۾
õ˺ô, ǳ, һڻ˪֮, ȴûи䡣
ǣⱳǣ¶Ըٻ, ûа취䣬, ϣⱲӶҪ֪
ûзŹ, ͬ⣬ּҪһ,ȡ, ô
ԡһ, ûҪڡ
仭һתǷҵˣ
룺Ȼ
䣺Ҫҵˡ
Ҫʲô¶ϴڡ
ʲô¶
һͨ˵, ǵ
СֻҪûΣա
䣬ľףԶЭһ
Ȼô
Եǿ뿪ʯͷҲᷳ㣬Ҳװģͷƽ
ĶڤҲҪŹţ··
û˵
㲻˵Ҿ͵ӦˡɫҲÿﻹЩôо飬´Σмͣ
ˡгʹɫ䣬ӦҲ뿪ʯͷͲٸͷ˵ĻЩ
ɫ˵ʯͷϵġ
ողǶ޳ôȥʲô㲢ûԼ⣬ȴһ֣εЦ˳
ȥҲˣ䣬Ҵ
ȷ޳ܣֲɫӣˣЩӣչˣǻġ
㣺͸Ҫô⻹̫˰ɡ
ҵһչͷˣҲ𣿡̾˿Щζ䣬侲£ոֻһΡ
Ȼֻ֪һΡ
ⲻͨͨΡһֱظųֹܶˣֻǾڸոձ˶ѡ
ǵȸȷϹ龰
Ȼû˼䣬ûӣжϲϣ飬ʵġ
ȻΣεȴʵ¶ûǿʶ෴侲Ҳ㹻ǡ
䣬Сܸ˵˵ʲô𣿡
ܡû꣬շɺ죬ֱӷˡ
ЩЩ棬붼գô˼˵ڡ
䣬ǵðҶĻƥѩǡ
Ȼǵãֻѩ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬾ֻʣǺˣǵѩ˵ԵʯƻԣЩǲŵġ
ǣȴġеɡ
Ѱôõļ䣬Ϊָǣѵֻһô
˼ҪŪĶģΪʲô
䣬ȥˮȥˮҡոջģʽԱߵͻȻɫء
ҹģȥˮûǣ뿪ʯͷԵʯǻᶯٵġ
ۿڤӵԵʯ¶ԼһûŴ˵Һ¡
ӵڣˮﰲȫҡ
ֻ˵⼸֣䶼ûӦô¶ͱһųɫů
ԶԶڵҹͻȻһذ׹ϵ̽յһ˹
׹۽һţɽѰʲô
㲻ʲôƹ⣬ոտһۣͱƵ
ܱߣԽ뻹Щ룬ԱһϪˮ
ۿ̽յһİ׹ҪյˣŶ˶㣬׹ٶȱҪ죬ƺ׷
ۿҪ׹֣һƹһСʯӣһģϪˮС
ϪˮУط֣ƺˮﲢñˡ
׹񲻸ҽˮֻһһ׿СϪ䷢ְ׹ͣСϪԱߣµĹСض㿪ˮܿ뿪ˡ
ƫƫʱ򣬺¡¡죬ڵԵʯʼˡ
ۿޱϤҪ
䣬𶯡Ƕҡ
Ҫˮ䣬Ͼ쳹ҹգǹʯͷĺ
ң㻹ʯͷϡ
俴󱳻ʯͷϵ㣬Σ㰴ʯͷϵġ
׹Զˣİһֱֻ۴Ϫˮóոߣİ׹ܿͲһ㣬ԶѸ׷˹
Ѹٰ˻
ְˮһʯͷ˳ȥȻ׹ⲢûбƭһֻϪˮߡ
׹Ϫˮ߿ٵػζҹۣû취һֱŰ׹⡣
ڱ۾˲䣬ʯ¡¡Уһװըҹյľ졣
СϪˮըһ׶ߣһƬˮк¡
ɽ
뵽Ȼ󸡹ǰ
׹ΧͻȻȼһȦܻ棬ת˲׹ʧˡ
ҹְ
ȻΧһָĶ仹һûһֱ˶
УΪԼһǻþˣǰһߴӰ
˵ʲôŴ죬Ϳţǣ۾̫õǿ⣬ʱӦڰ
ֻǣһӴСϪﱻᱧ
㣿忴ʱϤĴв
ˣҲ˵ˣҲûС
ߵһƬյء
ָһС𣬰䱧ڻڵһֻ˾è
˼ӣ۾ͷһƬөɹөһƬɫ͵Ĺ⡣
Ӳʵϵ۽ֻᶯ˶ƺ˯ˣҲˡ
ĸ첲ͦıͻȻ˽ûһƴúأʹƵġ
ʣˣ
ЦЦûУҶѡ
ƭӡԵʯ벻𣿡۾
죬߹㣬Ǻ
ǣʯͷϲװġ룬ոմ˸ĹһΣʵμһ¶㣬˵ʵĻ˸ˡ
ţ㴹㫡
Ǹ񣬺㡸СʵСС˵ŻŴǣһոջ޳֮˵ĻһƤҪˡ
û˵ŵһ̧ȭ
ٷ͵ǰĴſһֻССөת˸Ȧֵֻͣ
ůˣոձֱĴ߻ˡ
Сܻô𣿡ԭҲ
俴һŵӣһ˫һһỽһС
ţ㲻
޳ܵСЦŲˣ˯ˡҪȥǸ￴
˵
˯ˣө棬Ϩ
ҹˡ
ֻèͷӥҹҲˣѪһڽһһֻСľӡ
Сľ׳ȥԶԶ
ֻġСڸոһαΣըԵʯڸվ
ϣܶ˯һһָʱ䡣
ѹҪȥϾոһذ׹⣬Ǿħһָˡ


39 

ü죬֪ˡ
ϢʱԶһɲ䡣
̫ĵһȹո͸ľԵķ϶, ۾
ĵпǻ졣
ߴߴһƬ, ҹӺ˵ط
С׼ʱģȻҲֻ
ϰһ֮ڳӣͦڴĿ˿ǰֻ
ֻʱ۾￴еɫ, ɫ΢΢£ؽüҲš
һְ̿ϵڡ
ֻӲӢ, ĺ۵ȷͬһѯ֮Ҳȷûжûޣػش
, ܾʶСǸһ۵ֺ񲢲ȫͬ
, Եʯϣ޵Ứʱ, м, ûжһ¡
ֱͦ, ٲȻɰأһû
, Уôһ˿˿
Ҳһһ, 𼸶˻, ¼롣ȻûС
Щ, , ûֻڴ, ȥϴˡ
, ˰ɡ
Ϫϴ˰СôЩ
ת䡣
ˣǾȥĶܳԡ
䣺ûԵģ
㻹Ƕԭûȥˣȥ̡
Դе֪ʲôǿ㲱Ӷûתֱǰ˵Щ֡
߹ȥǰ棬˰ɡǲĶ
䲻֪᲻ˣһ죬㻹Ǻδ𣬺Ӱĩվĸսʿ
ֻǣǸսʿ
˵ԼֻǲˡĻߣȥ
ûСôȥļҳ͡˵ѵʱҲ۾գһ¡
ޣкܶϤİ𣿡
䲻СӣƽʱĲһɫҲţ۾һ˸εƵġ
䣬ܲȳȥȥȻֵƱڵҡ۾λûͦ塣
㻹ҪҪȥ㣿̱ЩģҪǲأ
ġˣȥˮߵȡ
ڸոҵȵڣ
˵ˣ㲻Ҫȥ̳ôҲô˵ļ
ָոմļ磬һͲԾˡ̵ӳ
䲻ɫһһûһνı飬ˣͻȻƽСϪˮˡ
֣ģ㿴㣬ڻǱء
Ȼûǿ̧۽޿˿޳֡
ûʲôʱǱ
ô˵Ŵ󷽷İַŵļϣźͽȥ˼˪֮Դ֮ܿѾܹ׼ȷˡ
ôɣüЦϵȴ
䣬ҡôҲϵȻԭرһͨ˵˱
ؿǰıβǣ
߶ûü£㣬ű˵ڤ֣İɡιԽҾͰ㻯˱
Ʊһ¶ذɡ
ʵزصĸûϵ̧תԽˮˣֱֱţһɲŵˮı
漴ȥüһСϪﲻżȻȻˮ˵ˡ
գãûʲô˵оǸڰûʲô
ںˮж磬ң۾֮ӾܸϣڰжҪڡ
˽ǵĶڣûٵ飬ǣˮֱӰ˺ϡ
Ȼ˰Ӻ㲻ͬǣǻʪ͸ˡ
ӣȻӵܣϾͬġ
䱾ﻹ߬öƬԱˮȫҪ
ǣ˿öСƬѾ˼͸Сƺڼ䲻֪öСƬʲôģΪ˲Ūɴһպˡ
ȵ˹ͤǰ棬Żһ
㿪ڣ˫ֱס˫һˮΣŶ˫ţ㲻ϿͰ͵غţˮ䡣
ҲûıˬûƢȻöڵ
м˪֮ʱ˵ҲסˡǿжӰˡ
Ӻ濿ýЩʣ䣬Ұůů𣿡
ȻҲһˮȥ˿ˣΪƺء䷢˸Ľڡ
ġͨ˿ˣΪҰӺˡһ֣ЦЩƦ
磬硪
Զж˵ٶҲûдá
Ȼһ仰Ҳû˵ѾӺ§˻
ӱǰ䱻һɹɻȵůҪůˡ
ϲˣ·ˡ
ͷҲһֻ࣬ıȴЧá
ܲҪ˫۴򿪣ӻƳˡ
ϽǿͽȥöС
ͬʱ硪һ硣
㣬ٰܲůһůͻȻƽСϪˡǲ֪Ϫˮ䳹ǡ˵ţҲͷ˫ֱס򣬺ڴ¡
㣺˰Ӷ
֪䣬Ҳˡ
ڶţû취ոҪɿ֣»ȥ
šԴͻȻʣ㣬ǲûԷ
Ȼ̵㡣֪ʲô˼
˼Ҳ˵ˮˣҪһźáͲ׸ðˡ
ûֱֹ꣬Ӱ˫۷ˡ
Ҳ䣬ˣҲܳơûõĳԡ
仹ǱͷҪΪκһֻų񺹡䣬ⲻֵá
䱻С˼Ϊһ˿Ϊ飬Դϵֱۣת̧ͷ۾㣬ˣҾôܳѣûҪ㡣
㻹һֳ࣬קؼһ䣬ɱ顣ҿɲΪҪǲԸðµѧѡ
ǿ˵ͷšԸ
ҧ´ܲģǲ֪Ҫô֪ܳ𰸶ѡ
üǰ֪죬֪ˡ
伱֪࣬׷ʵǵҪô
⻰ף룬ػش𣬡ʵԣҿӡǣҼǵո޳ܡ
ˣһ죬ӣתݡ
ոתü˿˼ӿĹĵҲÿɰ
л˵


40 

ǣ֪Ϸ
Ϊ˵İ̾ǴѧУ԰ſڵ, ֻһȴһŽŵİ̡
û뵽뿪Ե㻹ѳͣ˽С֡
תǣһװޱµĹʽ¥
춥һȺ¥У
̧ͷ˿, ¥Ķмһĺ漸֡ǵһ ëҰ̡
ʲôҽнǵһء俴Ҷϵ֣ЦЦ
ˣϵ, ǵһѸġֻע⵽仰￪ͷ֡
ԪǸͷš
šٶ˰ɡпټһʷΡûʲô顣
һۣǲ˵ʱ˧Щ
һ, ̵һ¥ſڣѾ˳Ķ顣
ɨǽıǩ
ÿֻ300
һǰԤ
Ԥˣ𣿡İζһӣҪǳԲϹܿ۶ǲ졣
ҡҡͷ,ȥԲŶӡ
ͷ, ǺܶŶЩ˶ȥԲͺˣ
ʱ겻šվڵſ˫ֲǰ
䣺øۡ
ҿû, ۵ľͻȻˡ߳һλЦϲĸñʦ
衢ñʦոտ, ָ˿,Ϊλλãλ롣
䣺ǲô
ñʦ飬дȥ, ժñӸŶӵȺк
غʲôëʦнǩ, ̶ܴӵķ˿Ⱥ, źò֡
ëƷǸͦĳӣﾭ¶, ڲ˽Ҳ, ֻʹ˺, Ż¶㵭˵ŵļ仰, ϸƷһ˲
ֻǣͷ˿ñʦϹϾվСػץץñӣ֮ſڣԱͬ־λ¥롣
͡ʵھƺȤ̲סˡ
㾶¥˰˵ôŤ֪ˡ
䣺֪ʲôˣ
ë䶼֪ˣ
ں
øںëΪѡ
һţһ˫èһз죬Ϳʣ䣬ҿɫԣǲΣ
ë죡ǰͻȻһǳ⡣
һ
û̫ñʦѾðˣҲûʡ
ëʳҵչ˿˹ˣͲסĬڲԹɫݺǰ䣬Цʣ䣬Ըԭˣ
ԭ£Բ۾ûڡ
һһŻ涪ëܱһӷ
ۿҪڵˣϵľͷ¥ܾסһһ𣿣
ǰչʾܵ䣬һ֣һСƯİס˻
תۼ䣬ƶ仯ˮΣС
䣬ӰЧ˪֮ܿסءë˪֮һģһˣһֶ໰ˡ
Ϊ˷ֹһʲô֮ٶֱվ˸ñʦǰ棬㣬㲻˵˵ЩҶ֪ʲô
֪ˡشغ֣ء
ëˢˢ죺ë̸ǱߵһҲʾԼֱԱߡ
䣬ܲǵˡ˼ǳӽëƷɡëëɴֱӿ䣬ҽܵĵ󷽣֣Ҫ֡
ˡԷһ˫Ȼ۾ֱëͲðˡ
ëŵøϽ֣ÿ̨˿յϰˣΪڲȻϽ˴ָָֻ֣棬ֻܿĿ˵ֱס
䱻ëˣĿŵغٺֺǡ
ëɲЦȻɫؿ䣬ֻèﲻϴæ䣬ʲôԵģʱҲġ

Ըë˵˿ñ棬һŲʮ˧ȵëЩڡ
ëʦǰҲǰʲô
⡭
ëԥɫ˴ߣˡͳǰԵġ
ȩ̈ͷ˿棬˵ͷȥ׼
ֹ𣿡ʵͻȻ
ûСֻһˮӡǡ仰˵һ۾ȥ
㵹̹Ȼ䣬Ǹˮأǳڳˡûиڳ¶
˫°ͣ͸㲻ǰˣ˵׵¶Щ¶ȴſھܰҭ
ǣˣֻԼȥץؼʡӼҲˡ
㣬ոëʦǲΣ𣿡俴˿ɫɫôֻڲԸ໰
䣬Ҹ߹Ǻ룬ˡ㳯ë˰֡
ֻ湻ˡ
俴˿ˮһò˰̣ȴֻһ
Ҳ˵ͷѾʼˡ
ëϹϾڽһȫϯǵģǰÿεֻһֻǣ
˵ëֿԱߵͷ㡣
ëʦ㲻һÿɫ㲻˵꣬Ҳˡûס
ֻǣǰ²һΡÿζ糾͵ġëǿ˿
θûëƺû˵
۸Ӵ⡣̫һӹЩ峿ǿյͷ
ë䡣Ķȥҳȥһˡ˵껰Ӵһƣ˳ȥ
ˡո˵ôˣʳָӣò㲻ڣܸȤëĹ¡
ëǰŲŲҲǰ˴գһ˼װͰǸˣԳԡ
ÿζࡣÿ񿴼Ķǰһһֻмࡣ
ʵأʡ
ʵʣ֮ǰֻҪпվͻһֻůšʱ綯Ҳ̫ƽܴĶϻһ¶ǰࡣÿζ˾̨ԱߡԣҾë˵ůĵĻȻȴʲôĵ
ëʦʲô䳣ʲô𡹣Żˡ
ǻ˻Ǽҳ¡ϴͨĻûõġҪģ˵ܷĴˮҲܶͨһֱӰѴճΡ޾ġ
ΪȵĿ죿ͻȻЩǸʮɵӡ
𰾵࣬ӽȥεķ̫أֻԽãյĸá
ǣ֪Ϸù޹ء
⣬֮¶ҲǺοˡë˵ŻҲע⵽˸Ӵ춯
䣺Ҳ̫ϧˡ
䣬ûôôⲻ̫Ծҳȥ𣿡
ë¸Ӵû˵ǱһǿԴһŤûüèֽ۵ŴСĸӴﱻ˳ȥ
žડӴ¹ˡ
̫ˡ
仹ϣǰðȺſһ˵ӡ
ӳȴ˹ա
ߵ˸ӴߣҪִ򿪴˽ˡ
䣬ʲôأɭȻȴϤ
תȥ
л˵
ĩˣһ¡


41 

ƽʱЦСЦòá
תͷ, һµС
˿˵ոȥʱҿӴߺǿ, Ȼ󡭡
仹˵ŻͻȻǰСһ֣첽߹, ЬˣۿҪˡ
һ, 䡰ȻëʦͻȻҲ˳ȥû˵ڡ
䣬ǴԷİɡС߹˿
һ˸, ˡ
һ, ӷԱ߻û
Сֱ߹ȥ˻ûӵǰ档
, ôƽʱЦС, Цòá
䣺Ϊҵλ
, ǹģոճ˼ڲųȥͻ
û˵߹ȥո, ȥ
СӣҨ, ,ģôôȵࡣ
ձԹһ, Сüһ, ۾ð, ת,ţúȡëŪĶţ䣬Ҳ
һߴţһһһףСź˼ڣۿϸСĺֲҪĻû˵꣬ƺζ
鵭СһˣǵĶһֱˡ
ûӣһֱʧ䣬ˣ
ǿյȡ˵ŶСԼڳ˹ȥ;һקûקζĺٺ£Լְ̧ڵ̿۸⿪ˡ
漴һſӣһֱؽ󳨿ˣͨʿӵλá
û취ԱҲôƷСһ˵Żһ߰Ҳ¶ǿСۡ
䣬ǲϲˮɣǵģëôֻŪ
俴ŶСһѹѼñܵСȥһ˻˲˵
ëһҪճȰӡС¥ݿڴߺһɤӡ
ëһû顣
֡Ͼ
ͷ¥ݿڴȻû¥´ɵȷǸոëʦɤɤŴЩ
䣬ôԡҪι㣿С˵žҪ֣Ϸޡ
ԼƳһۣ˸ĸף˼¡
֮ǰڶ棬ŵֻӺ˼
Ѹֶ˼¡
䣬ٸ˼¾ˣúˡ㲻ϲȵҪҰ㡪
ûȶС˵ҪôѾʢ˰࣬˴ߡ
۽ޣؿŸûһ׵
̫嵭ˡӳĵӰʱԾн
ոëʦ߹ÿֻ㲻
ɾӳӰǸ͵͵һֱ𰾳ġ
벻ǸԼǳʲôɰ䡭ûκӡ
ᴵ˴ϵһȦССԼĵӰˡ
һֱھùӵǸӰˡ
һѰɫĸһ뺬ڣ㡣ȥ
ҪȥҨڶףĽŲˡ
ë̫ˡСپһһԹ
ˡ˵ëЦִ̧ĸӣȻСɿɰİɣáԣһҸʰ¸¥ǳȥϢ
ëʦҲʧˣֻˣ
ոս䣬ͻȻĿڹС񡹡
ٿһЩȥҲҪϢֻС˵ûëڨϾǲʶõİˡ
İˣмס
ëȥݺȲСһֱϱԹȣһҪȲ
䵭˵ȵȡ鷳һ̲ȣϲġ
Сһֻ̧Ĵָ´۾һֱ䣬ûëǵͷӦˡ
ͷܿ˶ʱֻһеĿ⣬ӡĿȴǹֱûô
ԭͬһһȫܸıһ˵ĸй١
˿һѰϲŵȣһĥŶŵˡ
ͬȫͬһѵСƻˣֻˣ
ûʲô飬˵ڶѸŻ
䣬ԸӰɡȣСѾһץһӣҪ䡣
Щˡžܾ¡
ôУǸ֣ͨ˵ӣԷܽԼι㡣
Ϸڸӡ
㣬˵ôʲôңֻҪҿģôСѰӽˣֻϣûٿһۡ
Զԣô˵ġСԼӡ
һ⣬Դ㻹˵극Ҫؼء
ؼҡζСظĻ˶٣Ҳǡסһҹǵȥ
޳ָŸף۽΢ȴû©¶СÿһϸС仯㣬˭
䰡ؼУû⡣ˣǲǵϻôšС˫ϣһǰ̽̽
ⶼһ漴Цˡ
ʵÿֱף̵ˣȻҲȡ񺹵ġ
ȣŴ㶼ˣ˵أܣҸκ˵İ
СֶֻŴ˴̧꣬ƨҲtˣߴ˴գۿһҪˡ
Զԣܸ߱ˡǣ䣬ҲǱ˰ĸΣء
ôһ仰СӲ˧һ˵䰴˰θڵλãѷθѹѹٿˡ
ǣСŵšüëīڵĽüҪëˡ
̧Сüۡ
䣬֪Ҿϲҡ㿴ҵ۾ǲֻ㣿Сôϸϸļɤ˵˴ս
䣺ҿ۾Ưͻֻ塣
ϸؿ˫ɫһĨü
Σˣüüǵǳɫİ̺ûˡ
ǰС㣡
Ȼȷ˲㣬ˡ
ȻĶȥأ
ոյëʦĶȥˣ
ֻеˣôһͨˣָô졣
Ѵӽ˰֮һĻĻԺзǰʲô¡
٣ͻȻˣӦøйأǲǸˣѾںˡ
һȥ˪֮ûܶˣͲֵĻᡣ
һһӶסˣ֮ô죬ܻܲƺҲҪ
Ȼʱ䲢ࡣ
䣬ô˵ˣʲôأСʼߴˡ
룬һҳȷ𣿡˼ϾϴֻһССĺ飬Ӧû˿
ȻȷԶԶŵĺζдСҲˣĿɭ
䣺ԶԶŵˣ
ӦŶˡʵҪǿңǿ㡣ˣ
䣬ˡҲԲãҲ̫áһͨˣñˣ
Сһ֣Ҫ°ͣһִ֣㿪ˡ
ٲãҲüǵԼ˵Ļ
СǺã˵ʲôˣ
˵ԭҪ񺹣Ҳѣȼˡ̹Ȼش
ֻ𡣡Ĵ˻ȥ°ͣ˼
䣬ôǵãǻءС۾ƽʱһ˫ʾȻ۾ʱзֻɫеļЦһ
Ŷ˸ףΪͻȻǰᲨ
ȻŸףͷ룬Դ˼롣
һֻԴ˼ĵͷһֻı棬Ŀı仯
ʱӳŵģĵӰˣ㣬Ǹһ̿ϵ㡣
ӳŵ죬ÿͣڷظż֡
ŴǵͻȻɿ˫ˣĵӰ΢΢Цˡ
䣬Цʲô벻ˣ㣬ǽӹǣ֮ˡô˽ƻ
¶˵ڣ຦ߡҿɲİ¶㣬϶Ҳɡգһ˵
ȥĶСʡ
ȻؼҰԼ˵ôһؼҡһȻӡ
ǵȥǸѼңϡ
ͨǶ¥ؾһ԰
԰һ˹ˮء
ڷ֣ȥˮ


42 
Ȫ
ǻħ𣿡һ
յһ, ֵľǷӵĽĹ԰
Ĺ԰ڴĳģȸСȫ
һƬ̲ݵأһ·, һǧݣһȪ㳡Χһ˹ˮءȻ˹칫԰԰ƾ, ﻨС
ʱĽĹ԰Ȼٲ˴̫Ĵү, 㳡Ĵ裬һˣĺǡ
뿪̣С峤, Ŵǰ档
ʶС㡣
ڲǽҴʱ, ̵ֻظں档
ո׾룬СͻͷҪ䡣
, ǻǣְɡС⸱ƤƤЦ
ҵֺ, ˣ䡣
벻⸱Ƥʲô, ǣ֣޷Ե￴Ӵ뷢Ӱˡ
Сǣű, ҺԸ⡣
䣺үСǵĹעҲԸ⣿
ʲôˣ̸, , ǲˡС˵ţɲǰѧģǣֻż
СָСʾ䣺㿴, ô
ۿȥ, Ϳ㳡ĴӰСиΧסˡ
û˵ʲôĻ, ֻǼĶһվһ, Ź㳡ĶΡ
Ҳĵûж⣬ֻȻȻشС굽˶ɤš
㿴ǸëС濡Сء
ֱȵӾÿ
ǲ²˭Сܰ
СܵͻȻָֻţ˴һɣԳܿˡ
ת˿СüһˣȻأ
ˡǣ־ˡ䣬οɿˡСһЦ̧첲ָָܵ˲ݵϵССͻȻһֱ˲ݵϡ
䱾ûȤˣǰʵڹ죬˳Сָķ˹ȥ
СתֳܵһСһָոǸڲݵϵС·˲ƶ˹ȥͬʱվ档
֪ͻȻƶȥС˵Щʲôܿ˵ЦǱһ㵽ϻ档
һתĿ۲ݵϣڲݵϵСǶһû
˲ݵϺϻһģһ룺ʱҲݵϵСһĶô
ⵣģ㣬㲻ǺĶ
Сһתһվǰ棬һ˦ŵҫţ䣬ô
ȥ˼ǣֳ̧ݵȻ¶˳ʣʲôôҶûϣǰѲݵϵСŲȥˣ
Ųȥʲô˼һӰѣȥ硣ĽţС⡣
ݵŵСܹȥأ񲻾˫̥ˣʵӺܺ档
İɡܡ
Ϊʲôܡ׷ʡ
ӰֻҪƣԭͶˡĵĲڡСشš
ǾӰҪأ룬ѡӰôơ仰ӹһ£ʵú⡣
ⲻҪĵ¶䣬ˡС
һֱڲݵһСŲ¡
˼Ҿͨˣһֻǧˣôͨ˲ʰɡﵭôȣȥ͵ˮȻһҪˡ
УСͻȻŭǣˮ
ԾȣŻ˸飬ЦЦ˵Сħѡ䣬Ϊɵ˷ʱˣҽ⿪Ӱǡ
ֻСһָݵϵСܶˣһ£ֻʣһˡһŵһˡ
˿嶯ȥµСûϵȵϾͻˡ
ȻҵˣĶء
Ųǰ漸ʮ׾Ȫ㳡
ȪڳУˮء
һֱǵĵӰĻȥˮ
ߵÿˡͻȻСĽŲͣ䣬·ߡ
Ҫ·乫԰˵û԰мȪ㳡ֱӹȥ·
С˿Ȫ㳡ﴩȺֿ˿ƹȥС·ＷĴүˣ߰ɡ·Զ׼
߹ȥˮؾֱߡ
ⲻһˮأΧΧˡ
俴˿кܶ˺ӣôһȥ׼ְ˽ŵĸ
ԱߵСȥˣһ·䲻ȴԶ
ѵˮڰȲ貢䲢ʮְա
߼Ҫ뿪ˮˣ俴ԱһĸŵСŮᶯ˶
СŮͻȻ۵һ
ۣ̽һӣԱ̫ȭĴүǶͣ
ˣ⵽ҪʲôĸӴޣһӻ
Χľ۹Ļ˷ӡ
ϲ۶ѶԹϿ˵ıԣܿ죬ΧΧ㡣
ҲΧȺһΧ棬СվȺ󣬽סм䡣
ҪȪȪܺÿۡСŮԽԽס
һȪǸϽ˷ҪϳؼҡĸϺӣΧΧˣû˼
Ҫò˽ǣûȪСŮ߿ޱߴҲܵġ
ΧҲ˶࣬̾ԭǴεأǹֿϧġ
Ҫء
ԱߵĸӲСŮһ̧ͷˣٴδᶯֻҪϣܿͨ˵С
żĸҲ֪ôˣҲһҲǴ˶ʮĹˣҲûȪȪֻаŻῪ
ΧҲһ̾Ϣȴֻܸҡͷ
վСŮߵ䣬ʱӡ΢ЦţСŮ˵ħġȥȪ򿪺òã
˧Ӣ΢΢Ц峿⻹ů̧ĸ׺ȺһĶŵ̬ȣ˵רſȪĹʦȻѧͽܵҼӣҽȥԣ𡣡
ӢСʦʮֺͰֺǫ顣
СŮ̧ͷʣ裬ͯħ𣿡
ȻЩƣŶСŮԱߵ˲Ϲ˵ģƯǫǫȷϲ
ĸ׵˵ͷǵģңԶĹȸϹħӡĸҲŮԲһͯ
Χһ־۽˼ʮӣҲЦذѴĿͶϡ
վŴ΢΢ףҲ̧۸ԶС˸γ鲻ԵһЦۡ
֮󷽷ЬŽţ΢ȣ˳
СŮ۾ֻСžž£Ӹ͡
ûаʮɫ˹ƹЧӦ峿ȴǼů
ֻй㳡òˡҡ̫
ˮܣȪ
һʼǻù
أˮһţѾˡ
ˮߵͱ任Ź㳡ҡЦ˺ǣҲĴֵúϲ£졣
ܿ죬ЦͣȺƺͬʱס˺
ˮһˮˮԽԽߣͻȻ任һħõˮˮ裬ӳ⣬ɫɡ
ת˲ˮ׶ߵİۣγһ޻һƯƶ䡣
ۣ໣ǲơ
ľֹ̾Ժǡһֱû˵ȵ̫ȭүҲһ
գĹ԰ģȪ欵ˮɰƶ䡣
ûһ˳ƺһֱæŲٿȪˮˮܡ
ÿ˶ƶ䣬۾գһ¡
бСŮĸ׵Ļ̧С֣ĸײۿӿỨ
裬ħӸءħǰܵᡣ쿴
ʱȻƶҡڣһƬƬӯɰѩ
ͯĲֹӣȺѾڣҶΧȥƬƬѩ
ڴʱȪϷһȺȸȦҲ˹ﻨĹ԰Ϊ˶ʵȪ衣
ȻϸȥһֻȸԴмذëǵãϵֻСȸ
ȺΧΪһҵȪٿʦȻ󷽵ȫɽ˳


43 
ħ
˿ս˫ȭն
˳, ȫûϰˮҲ硣
ƮѩȪֻûһţ߲ʮ, ΧȺ
ŵȥˮƽ£ָֻƽ
ˮ￴, һȺȸɵ
ʱһֻͷɻ裬Ⱥд, ת۱һֿ⾰ˡ
漴Ⱥɢȥ
̫峿ʱ, ԰ԽԽˡ
ڳ, ǸбСŮʣ, ոյħӸأĶȥѽ
, ʲôħӸѽ˵ͯǸǸħӸСӷɻ˺ԶԶĹ, ؼˡˣҲؼҡĸ׵죬˵, ŲǣСŮˣ֮ûĸŮ
俴۸ĸŮСȸ, µ, СĸŮ
ǣСΪʲôҪĸŮءȺء
ϾǽȪ, ȺΧ, ˳µؽ˳
ѵСŸ˹䲢Сȸͼ
ʱ˳, ˳֮, ſСһȺСȸҲСȸ֪ڳ
ʮ֮λڽĵĽĹ԰ȪΧȻһҲûˡ
׼ȷ˵ֻһСò˻վҵĵطһû
ֻȸų˻Χˮת˼ȦͻȻ·عĳˡ
еı仯ͻȻϳ
ûĺСˡ
̧һָŵСȸѸض˼£žһأȻС
ħ̫֡СϥȱֱվС˹ȥ
һֻСҲǰ£˰ɡܾòˣ治¶ôʺ򡣡С˫ֲǰûŲӡ
ءôˣҪʲôСȲس˹ֱץסСļ
СһʣСָֻ˦ˣֻǿΰ͸ңҶûȤûô¡ʱ⸱á
ΪҲ֪ƭ񺹵ġ˵ˣƣСʮƶ
֪ҲԸ⶯㣬ΪСӲվǰڡСѾɭ
û㡣綯֣ϹءĶĶˣСȻƽȣ˿־塣
أҵǺԸ̽ʲôǹءСͳ
̫ţ֪¡
Сʧˡɾˮӳ˰ϵˡ
棬Сֻ˹ָСѾ񱻳˹ͷ˫ϥһڵϡ
ͺϲݵϵС
ͬʱԱվһСһģһˡ
СûϢôֻôһ¶û˼СС̾˿ҡҡͷ
ˡһСˣȸңͻȻ߻ˣԴ˼֪˭֪ʵ⣬ʲôأСվñϹϾСļҲˣʻĿҲ߸ϡ
ؾħˣ䱨ŵġС˵ʽˣҲܻе
ˮһ
Ǻǣе˼˵˵䱨ʲôŵأСЦʡ
ؾħˣҿһ˹԰ĸ˽үү˵ħˮгӰ
ˣСͻȻһ˹صشСϡСһģˤȥһ׶ࡣ
ſڵϵСҲΥ˾ħָʹֻܼ˵ˮгӰܰѾħˮУ桭
죡СȻһͺ
ͷһȣըˣŴָʹĿڡ
˿ܵСѾԹԴԴ
ʱˮеС
СһֱѰ㡣
ðҪ侵ħ㡣
ϸĥС϶ĻѾħˮУ档
ʲôء
˼
ҪһСͻȻ˿Уʵýո˵㿴䣬һֱ
ؾħˣǵġСָֻ˻е
С׷ʣ㿴ȥĶ𣿡
ˮž棬һ
ؾħˣǰĳ
СɫȻĶ߹ȥָ
䱾Ϣ仰ɿҪ˱ơ
䴧Ħֻһˮأ㿴һۣܿĶˡҪʵ˾塣
ȥˮ
ǵԵֵҹ̽յһǿʱͶ֡
峿ڰиֵӰҲһֱ֡
ԭֻһħˮ
ƽˮУ˿ܵСһߵˮرϣûн˫ָָ̧֮ڵλãػ㱨ؾħˣָķ򡣡
ߡСһиıȥǸ̳
СİСָʹһ˳ͻȻפ㲻ˡ
ôˣ洫Сá
ؾħˣˮΣա
ΣգʲôСͷˡ
ؾħˣˮоӡ
ûõĶס죡Сʨ
ӣˡ
澵ӣΣˡ
ס˱
ħֻÿСס죬ûֹ̳ͣж
ԣСһһһķ˹ȥ
俴Сһӽ
С˫Ҫļˮ̳ʱ
ͬʱų˸ոձסľӡ
һ澵ˣ
ۿС˫˲仯˹ӰۿҪʧֱۡ
ĵСһ¡
ٴס˾ӣ˫סСʧֱۣ˲䣬СӶһ߱
ֱ
˳Сƿ
ȻһӣСᣬųˮǺ䣬ˡ֪档
䲻
Сǰһ䣬ܻ֪ɡ֮ȫռлӣΪѾΣʣһĲлҵħ
̲ס˸ս
Сˮˮ£ǰһɭȻ䣬û˰ɡǵϱΪ㣬ַ磬ҪεĴˡҪҪĲлء
ˮ˿Ѿս˫ȭ


44 
ƾ
û˵ʵǣһֱǵá
СŲ, ѾߵˮرϣͻȻˮһСʯͷ
СʯͷۿҪֱߣʵԽסʯͷıʯͷķ, һ㣬Сʯͷ˳صס
䣬ŲطˣСˡ
Ȼ, ոյʯͷҪǶ, ¶ˮСı׹ġ
䲢ûжɲ
䣬һֱҵʲôʱء, ҿܻøʮ, ⷲ˵°뱲ˡ磬ʶһ£Сǻڳر, ԹԵ˵š
ҲֻСôˡǾħħ, ֪û˵аħ˵, ұ֪Ҫôһһӡ
ֻħòһһྣץһɰʯˮ
ɰʯˮЩ롣
Ӿħľλ, ˮľȻ, ȴܿɰʯеٶжĶ
, Ȼû˼䣬ʧ, һĴҲɾ˰ɡҸֻ, ÿ԰һСģľħ˶, ϸﻹû
ħ澲, ڳرߣһɰʯһ߽˹¡
ѾһٶǰĴԡ
׽ƵϱЩӡ
һգһ硣ڤмߵ˳ٳٲ飬żСһȥѰ
߸ϵҲƵӲżûС
ȻȥѰʱ򣬷Ӳ⻳£Ȼɴﻬ
ʧɫפ㣬ȴϸɴ洫һؽŵĴϢ
˵䣬ʹ˾ͺš

˵һͨ£ɰʯѾԽԽˡ
ħһЦ¶Ӧôϥ̸ģôĳҲǱ˴Ρ⸱Ӷڣ䣬ҪҪء
һɰʯ˽
Ҳˣֱƶˮһ׸ߵˮɰʯžħ˦˹ȥ
ħһ̧첲ǰɢɰʯһŲ©ץģֺݺݵ
תۣŵɰʯϸϸɳָﻬ
ֻŪϸɳ߸һ׳ˮʹǶˮȥľֱ۳žħݺ˹ȥ
žžѾħ˸ġ
Сġ䡣
䣬һΪҪīءôͳסˡܺáԣһԶЩħվȣʲôԡ
һˮоħѾ㡣
Ȼٳٲֻǲԭ㵽Ķǲıװʲô
ôй˰ɳӣˮûվˣ䣬ǰͷֲĶֻܱƻĻԵ͸͸ġʵҪĲ࣬ʲôѽѽҶûȤһ񺹶ѡ
Ȼħˣֱ׵ظǳġ
ΪѣɣҸ򿪺ӣ㿴һ۶麦׹ĴӰɡħ䣬ˡҵ㹻꣬һӡʱ䵽ˣһԶϺӣϽʲô
òһӣ仰ϻشңҾͳȥˮ˵ˡ
ð㲢ǸͨˣˮﴫӡСˡ׹Ҳԣһ˵仰ϣһֻԶŵķ񡣡ħ˰ƣòţһαˡ񣬿ʼɡ
ħϻƾճһֻľС
Ȼˮı˽Ƕȣպܿľӡ
ľӱˡ
滺һ
俴һֱŨܵɢȥŹŪԻ
·ɢ¶ĩսʿӣ𽥵أϷĳһϤӡ
źӵľħͬһէһһģһС
ƺͶӰγɵͷû취ͨССıȥ⸱üۡĦű
䣬ڵʲôأħʼߴ٣ѹ㣬ŨɢһοϺӣԶҲֻˡ
ãʡɤӣ㣬ǵϲʲô𣿡
ۡħЦʲôЦˣǵ԰סħЦɭ
俴žӣ˲һӡ
ûֻͷ񿪿ڣ˳еˮԴ˲γɷˡ
ܱ¥Ҫߵİ׾ˣٸħִϢʱ䡣Ϊ˾˵ͬʱ׼ߵı
澵ӰѾħΧм䡣
СӷһҽС˺ѷΡ
Ȼ˿ΪȷС㡣
һһ˰ӵˮۼһ𣬷·һһľˮ䣬ѾѾħ档
ħ˻Ƶɤ޴档
ڣСλˡ
Ȼмһҫ۵ǿ⡣
·ˮŵ̫ҵǿ硣
ΪʲôˮҪ滷Ͼˡ
̧ӵסǿ⣬ְһ壬һ360ȵıǽ
ͬʱָ»εıǽ˸ȻҲǾ档
ˣǿⷵգȻһľ޴磬ֻܷھħԼϡ
˼ӣǿһ
䲻иȻάž޴ˮ䡣
ǿѾٴˣˮԻйԴڡ
ָʼѾˡ
͵ˮ䣬ѾƲˡ
ҧһʱи˵ѹ԰ˮضؼң
˲䣬仰ˡ
ˮҲˡ
ͬʱмǿȥֻʣһŻ
˿̵ˮ°ˮ
мĻô㡣ɫϵ
ȻǣôԼǴ
һתĺӰӱҪ㿪
ڸ׽ԲأƫҪ
ʰɾˮˮΣһֱһƽ˹ˮء
䣬û¶ˡһֱڡ
ʣħأ
յˡ
ֻСأʡ
Խ֣㡣ƫƫֻڱ
ûȥС˱Сת۱˻ȸ˻
䣬¡Ǵӱˡ
һ£һѼññѹĺܵͣڳرߡ
ˡ
Ϊ˲øոΧȪ֣·ʪˡ
·ڵˮ
ˮرϣһ˫ĽŻţôʯ̳űϻˮ顣
伱ˣʲôء
һֻűߵ˫ֱסϡ
Ӷͳһ޲ӣСذֻϵˮɾŰӣЬӡ
Զ׼û˵
㣬ô󼸸˺ڿǣѵǽ˽ô
㵭ػشûСͨ˵ĵطܽôá˾ħҾѾˡ
ڳرߵ䣬ٰһֻŵʱͷʼӲš
ֹϣƺƤǹͨģĽҲ˵㳱졣
䣬ˡôƵġ˵Ļȴůů¶ˡ
Դɫ֪ܵε㣬ǲİɡ
档ٰٴ
Ϲ˵ɲôƶҡͷ
˸ոźӵ⣬ȻɫԵࡣǲϲģ治֪䣬ϲ𣿡
Ų֡ûûǡ
ֻڵϣѼññѹؼͣüۡ
ñѹô͡ҸҪţ΢죬
䣬ġΣشûзܡ
Ͼ䳶һϣʲôĻ˵ģǰ
΢΢۾˵¶ԽԽˡ
̧֣˸⣬䣬ô֪ң
ҲŲϲڰءǸͷȻش˵ڰӡһƲ漴㿪ˡ
ڰӣħǸȻΪϲڰӣñѹͣЦˡ
û˵ʵʵûеڡ
ΪͨŴ֮Ȼؿ˺ϵ
ҲüûϤ˰̡
Ȼûʹ˰ôġ
ΪʲôڼҲܱץüģһȥ˰̡
ǣȴһֱǵá
л˵
һˡûдĶǸ׷СˣǸ


45 

伷ɳϡ
һ·϶ֵֹ, Ȼ˵ĶܾҲ˵ʱԶʱűߡ
һֻѹñܣñżǶһҲЦڨڨ, ֮ǰǸĬֿСҲ⼸һʵ˵ˡ
ӺϪˮ, һǹ԰˹ˮأԼҳ軻·һֱûҵʵĻῪ, ѾվѼҵſˡ
ȻѼҵѣǳû
, Ҳȥˮ򿪡˵Щճʱ, Ѽñϵֶûɿ
Ȼǵãһʱ, ˵, ΪӦͨ˵, ﲻǵϴλ˸ˮ裬
ȥϸ룬仰
ֻ, Ͼŵࡣ
ǵڶңѼҡǴȥϴ裿ϵˮζŪѼңҧҧ´, ֮ľЩԶĿЦ, ȥ
Լƺ
ħ, һ, ΰɡֻһ䡣
ݸˮ˵Ѿƿԡҵš
, Ӱ̵ĸӴȥ֮, ȥĶˣ
ΪʲôͻȻð
ëʦôˣ
ոС¥ݿˣû
ᶶŵñܣһӵ⻹ȥ
ԡҵŹˣ򿪣ˮ
ߵԱߣ˳롣Ǹ䶳ָȥ̽˳
Ķ࣬һһֱ͵͵ŵġǰѳˡ
Ųɳǰص£ɳ
쿪ƣֻһ΢Ļ磬·ŵͨ˼Ĵ
꣬ˣֻһųС磬ӱϨˡ
ûȥˣôҲʹˣƺ̫ˣҲˡǸýˡ
ܷ˾ħذ˾ħ㣬֮֮ħˮǸϹպǿ
Ű䣬ˬܸɵһֻħȻο
Щһ·ˣȻˣʹ򵥵ظЩһ˧ͨսʤħܵĺù£úúÿһ
ģڲңҲ˵
ڻħٵ۾񣬵һ仰ʵľǣмĻô
֪ʣĿˡֻһڷˡ
мĻȷ
־ħ׷˰̣ͣһʱȥֹֻаħ
СǸΣȷڰͱħˡ
ȻݵϵСëɣǲͬ㲻һܡ
Żֱ˿ܵӡ
仰˵ԭһǿľħһ
ȻħٿǾӣϺ˵˵˵Ļġ
Ȼȴòдס˾ħħþħ䵥ദʱ򣬳Ƥ߶߶ʹʲôħ
ȡʱ䣬ʱ䲻ֻ࣬ܰ͵ˮرߡ
ʵħҪǸħӵͬʱѾ˱θħһ׵׼
ľϲǣҵ˾ħ㣬һκɵһֻħ
仹ʱǺսħľʵйܶΡ
ȻѾǵˡ
⣬һΣôҲҪ֪ˡ
ָ⣬Ѿ綼ˣֻǼ⡣
üһ˵ˣ㶼֪ʱԼ㲻һֻ
ΣԵʯԵһһŵˡ
һֻСʼֻǿһصľֻ׹֪֮
κĹˣжӣ䣬ԼҲ֪
ţˮͣˡ
ˮ㰲ĵر۾룺ݸˮˡ
˭Ǳأ
һϽ˫סñӡ
Ѿҳһ·
ɫTɫĿӴ侫ݵԵ÷ʷʴ
·ʣҸµġҪһ̧첲סˡ
ˡͦõġɳǰת˸Ȧʾϲ·ʣôΪģã
ûСϲͺáش
Ѿûˣͷˣȥֱӡ
䱾ڲͷ仰ëɳϣʣΪʲôС
СȥҪվ䰴ס˼
ôڼﶼժñӣ
䣬һˣ㻹û㻹ģ
ǸǾħֲһϵǣһġ뵽üǳɫ̺ۣû˵ȥ׳ɳƫƫԱߣ˵·㲻ǻ˵Ҫһһô
ҲǣõĹ»ûʼǣЦｲ˸䵥ħĹ¡
һ˫һװ²۽ˣûʲôӦ
ϾĹ£ûһġ
ܿ췭ƪʵʵмˣǲǵòң
š
ܺã֪ᡸšһ¡
ñժˣ뿴׻Ǿħ
֣Ѿȼһ𣬵ȻȻ
Ҫ֣һ䣬ֹÿóַȻѾûٿˡ
һͨԹҡͫƤ˸ְñϣˣҲҪռ㲻Ǻ𣿡
ǣҲǣĿǣñӿժ䣬۾һ£𣿡
ɳƣȻֱվʹֻм·ҲҪȽ߹ȥ
ϣ俴ҲˣҲҲһģԶֻ
˳룬ûԥֱӰѱȡ˳
ߣΪĿտʼСŵʱ⸱ߡ
ǰСʱһ䲻ժߡ
Ϊ˷ֹСʩ˷ȥԼժ
⸱Ϊ׹ӣտû˽عһֻܰ⸱С
㱳ժѼñɱħնʱһֱŵߴȥ
˻ƤϼȵıƤϣƵЩۣû
߸Ψһһ
ȻϵƤֱȥԣ˵ժˣƤ͹һ֣ŲŲˡ
תͷͻȻ֪䣬㻹ǵ⸱
Ȼ仹ǹԹԱ۾
ɳϣ΢΢ͷĽŲӽˡ
걡ɫˣҲ˷Ө
㿴ǰÿɰȻ֪ڵʲôǣӦˡ
ĽŲҶˣʹţ䣬۾ɣҰñժˡ
۾ǰͻȻһɫߣ˸
ϸȥ߲ǽװǱģӳƯ˪ƹӳʮɫͦıϡ
ߵֻ¶ֻȻĽɫӣµĴͮʱܻǸĺ£һɫ߾
վȥһ⸱ߡ
Ȼ룬롣


46 

ⲻƤ֪ô
վ, Ҫɫߡ
һ̧ץסСϣ, Ѿñժˡ
㲻ñˣʹߣΪҪñӵ䲻ôʹߡ
š
شˣȷ, ÿҲ֪ˡ
ʲôʱժ
ǰ, ˵˵˿Ҳƾʲôֻšһ
ժ
Ϊ䰲, ָǿ˿ߵıԵ,ߴȥˣժˡ
˵ʵ
䣺⡢ߣ
ʲô, ֺ˵Ķͷ, ոմԡҳ, һڵˮ
û˵˱ɳëͷϡ
˳ɳ, ԴԹԵص˸ͷǵ˫ůĴ֡
ͷˮءְȥ, ë, ոȴɿˡ
һ, ȴ绹, һͰůˡ
ȴ, ˵,Լɾ
俴վȥ˴ߣЩĪ
ëڲϣ˹ȥ
ʢĵĳڴ̨ϣվڿĥǰ棬ҡ˼£꣬ĥȶ˳Ĭ
ֳ忧ȡ
һ˫Ĵֽ֣Сľƽ˿ȷۣݣûжĶ
ųˮˣ߾źڵˮк£ȵŨѾƮӡ
ſȵĺҺһεμ˿Ⱥÿˮ̹˿ȱ
ŰһȭͷСȱƸԱߵ䡣
жˮܾССĿȱȲŸȻˮ
ڿȣһڣüҪιȥˡҪ£˹ȥ
ʲôҲû˵Աߵһľһɫķǣᶪ˺ڿ
Ĵ̨ϣڿǿӳɫһСȴ̵زϻ
㻹ģⶼ
šˡ
ʡһ֣Ӧǡˡ
Աߣһֱȵһǿˡ
¶𿧷͵
ţġúȡСںڣһСȾҪˣ̧ʣ㲻
ҲϲġĿȱӱ˻
Ŷϲʲôģ侪ȣʵЩСƻˣֻΪϲ𿧷ȣǲϲȹ𿧷ȣ֪
ֻǵãڰһȹġȻ󷽵͵
ڣһȱ˻𿧷ȵҲ
ϲġġ
࿧ʲôúȵġʵЩơ
ӿȺָԼһ
Ȼûǣụ̂ͺһںڿȣһȥ
пྡζȥġԲ׽
ٳ
šҸٵһ
ô鷳
˵ţıӾҪһڣ˲䣬űӵǿܵ
ϵܴ󣬵ƺֲԣϺȡ
̧ۿ˿㣬ҧ´Ҫ񣺼Ȼ㷸ˣͱҿ
ֻ˵㣬׵ضסˡ
⣬̶ֻ˵ƫƫŵķ򣬾ոպȹĵطһڡ
ǿġȴı顣
䣬ġ㷸ˡֹ㿴ŵغ޲β͵䣬Ȼ˽ȴӮȻʢˡ
۽ǣЩίŸƣʵոҲֻ㼼˶ѡ
šȷȫһĲи
˾䣬ԣܰԾǿСһףر١
䣬Ⱥˡȥɡ㡣
ôԵ˵ˣȻȴȫû
ΪǰŴ޵ϣ˱仯
ͷе̬飬һֱ
ʲôأжȾĿȡ
ոԼȥߣ˵ûж
ɵҡҡͷ
ǵ˵ѡ㾹Ȼһ֣˼ȡЦϴء
ⲻƤ֪ô伫Ʊ磬۾Цˡ
ȻûʲôЦģֻڴʱ𾪡ΪƲߣΪͷڷڱס
һȻֻѩ׼ӲŨܵڷУ̫ˡ
ǵã׳֮˲ͷ׷
֪ǰ㵽׾ʲôȴڼزԼڶƴߡ
ôˣγ
ЩΪһͨˣֻ֪ѧҽѧĽ̿Щѧʡ
⣬Ǿƾȡȡ
ǣһֻء
ֻֻ˼ڿ࿧ȡһöߡ
һöߣժ
ӵһۿö߾Ҫߣĳ嶯һֲ״ĵ׵ĳ嶯һֱ˶ѡ
ʱ뿴ö޸߹ߵǸʲô
Ҳ뿴Ĳߣ浽ײʲô
Ϥıַ˪档
ֻҪָһװöɫ߻ˮֱˮ
˵ϲӭЦˣȻֻĮ
һ˫һӣֻβһֱŴ⡣
¥ľɫȻȴôܸԱߵȡֻǣڲҿһ۶Ҷ࿴
Ϊ࿴һۣͱסˡ˵ľҪҡˡ
ԽԽû⸱ߣ´ʱѾȥסûˡ
ö㣬㣬̧ɫ߲ߡ
̫ˣ֪Լһ˸мԼܣһö
ɫάüۣһ˹
ùǣһֱ㣬ξվñֱ
ͦһ£Ȼʡ
̽ȥָժȡ֮ƸС
νˡģһҪԡ
ǰϾһֻ
Ҵ⣬һѸ֮ƣü嶯
˱ߣָѾϤΪҪժˡ
һһ䲻侹Ȼ˵磬ߵ˻
Ҫϣһָֻסˡ
䣬û°ɣʵúܹС
䲻а
һĴ֣ץˡ
ͬʱһֻ֣ʹ˻˪֮ץ˹
Ȼ˲ָഥϤȴҵص˻
صˤ̺֯ϣͬʱεǣֵһˣҲ޷ܵˤˡ
ƫбպϡ


47 
˯
Ǵˡ
㱻ץһ˲١
Ҫѹʱ, ٲҲǸ֧ļԣûǱѹϡ
ϥڵ, ǣŵҪȥ
ϡšüһֻԴһˤúʹȴǿźί
㿴űߵȥ, ˵, ϵ¶Ƿ¶бӦ
ѵֻһһ
⸱Ÿְ취Ҫժߡ
ͻȻһ͵͵ߣüһ, ֱӱȥ׿⡣
, Ըң
񶼼ǵʱЦһ̬
ʱ, 䱻ԼϱӵĽ˻, Ȼ, ҲбӦǲʱյѡ
ûнҴ, ƽȥһ,ô
šԴҡҡƽڵϴӦ, ûҪ˼
Ҫҷ𣿡ֱӣϥԱߡ
ˤ˺, Ρ䳤Ľëգգ, һˮ, ʹ
ίͰ͵ز˾,Һˡ
ոջʹѸ͵˪֮èһڵϺߺߣ㰵̾ܲ˸ߡ
ýоȻ𣿡
áԴҡ˲˹ġ
㿴ҡͷƵʣˤӣϻұȥɻ
õġϽش
˺ᱧ͵ԱҵĴϡ
Ŵ󴲣һ죬ɵغ⡣
ȵȣߡһѾס½
ţôˣ
Һ¡գգ۾㲻˵¥ﶼ𣿱һ¡
Ҿ¥׵и̾˭Ҳû
Ҳ˵ˣۿ΢죬Ǿ½󲻷֡
룬òժñӣʹôߣˣƤҲϷ֡
ûȿ˵Ĵϣһȴ˸Ƿ
Զĥӣ˴ߡ
ȫ¥ȸŪյ䣬֪䣬һëӰˡ
Ķȥ˯һɡͻȻ̫࣬ͨ˵ӣҪԲˡ仰û˵ڡ
ˣ
š
ʲôʱ
ˡ˯ɡ
֪ͨʱ򣬺˯һ̧֣ɫĴˡ
˵ﲻ𡣡ںڰҲ
ո㲻Ҳˡ㳶ƽˡҲ֪ûУƽˡ
ȷ˴˸ǷϢʱʮֹɣϢճʱ䲢˯š
ֲ֣ʲôԼĹأҪ췣ġŲ
ԵʯûȥơڲܱϳӣҪȥ
֪Ǹߣ֪ӣ֪ǵļ˿
һϣСƤұаħռˡЩٿ
ΣĶȥˡ
֪Լ˭֪ôˡ
ô
ҳ׸ɡΪԼŹֵҪһЩ˵Ȼʱ˯š㳪׸裬Ҿ˯ˡ
Ϊ㲻ôʹشӦˡûǸϤġš
һַֻ۾棬ȻԤ׵ؾͿʼˡ
䲢֪ʲôңԶĵطܹϵĸ裬ʡ
ϲɤϲֻһҲϲ׸衣
ǴĵĻĵģֻҪ¶ܶƶȡ֣㶼Űˡ
ͻȻЩ£ͻȻô˳ѵҪ㿪
ھܽȴоԶ
ڴŵļң˯ĴͻȻܵˡ
һץסһֻҲĵĸֱϡ
ôˣһ׸質ˣ
ԣһʲôԡֻûв
ûɿֻĲԽһ¡
۾ϵһӳˣãֲġͻȻ
ˣҪ˵ҪͻȻ
Щһ񺹣ʮ׳Ρ仰̫ˡ
ôħѰϣΪҪһκˮ
һµӣѾĩǲʢĵļڡ
Ȼÿ糿Ҫſյů磬ˮϴҲϲȴ硣
СͣÿΨһһȷ˻ǻֹȡů
ƺ³´лճȴȫҲۼ
ΨһһγԵʯϡ
һסֻҪ㿪֣㣬Ҫһκܸңôܳ𣿡
ܡ
Щˣ˺þõĻߣȴǿĿİͰͣǣ֮ǰһʱҼǵóˡ롭
ˣǴˡߵϸ裬ûϲŭ
ôܼǴ
񶼼ǵڵϸۣ̿ǵϵĽۡ
һûסȥİȥź³ӣȻǵļֵǡ
·ذ˫ȥ׵߻أҧѪ
ȻӦĴôȣȴ顣
ǵģǴ๥ʱˡ
˳ŷһȥй̣ǵ
ҼǴôǺãҾа취˵ţ
Ǵˡɿ
ʾ
¶׾ͲȻȷˣǾͽ¡ԸԿ
䣬һͨˡ㼸ζһСϸ󣬵ûôһ죬Ѿ˫Ķˡ
˫޳ָϾ˴̹ǵ˪֮ûԿ⡣
䣬ôϵɿˣƾץȥ󣬿Ȼֱͦ壬һȻ
ܼ򵥣밴İ취ųһκҲ뷨˵ֱס
򵥣ΪԵʯϣԵʯԡʸڷϡ
ô֪˺ɫĴ͸ķ϶Ȼܿ糺գ㣬룬ҡ
Ѿѻ˵˼򵥴ֱ
ȻԲ䣬Ҵߣ𣿡ƽȣñͦһֻŵճȭ
⸱ߣժ㵭˵ңҼǵѰӷָҵʱ˵ǳԹ˷磬𣿡
һȡ֣һֱܾǸֻأº񶼷ˡ
СŻˡֻô˵ڵĻȴǰ˵Ľ
Ȼ
°ӣ鼱֮û취İ취ûӵۣԵʯϣƲǸǿ
֮أ㱧ĶһŲȥġô壡
۽ҪʪˣۿҪˣһ˵
䣬סƣҪƭ˵ġ
̧һֻ֣Ѿ߬˺þã߬һػ𻨣Ķͷ˯ɡ䣬ú˯һû񺹡
˵˲ģַˡƭˡ
һΣֿͻȻƤӶ
ǰһһʧˡ


48 

ֱȻٹ죬ȴ
۾, ȫ۾˾
ٺҲüԱߵûˡ
㡣֪ŷļһһˡ
Ž, ´ҵƻ
ƿҵ, ſ˹дϷ, ̤˵ذ塪
ϧ㡣
С㣿û¶ˣ俴ɳŵĽڷ, ֱվ, У԰ѧԲ̫һƺЩн
, ˣСЦЦ,ȥ㵹ˮ
أôˣδŸ˵׻, һ˸͸ֶ˲ƶ߱, Ǹǽţ
䣬Ⱥȱˮ㡣Сݹ˱ˮ,, 綣ң˵ﲻ
䣺˶ľͲܷġ
ӹȥˮ, ˼, , ǿûȥ
, йصġ˼ҪءͨǰǲġȻᱻɣۿۡڲûʲôϷһֱʲô˵ʲôһѧ̬ȡ
ʶжˣֻȸ¶Сһֱʱشƽһֱѡ٣ѧУΨһѡ
˵ܴǽˣ磬Աǽͨסӵġ
ô˵¶г룬ǵСֹһȥңҾҲȥӡ
Сʻܷ㣬û俪ڣСƺ֪Ҫʲô
С̬ȳϿң滺䣬ֻСֻꡣ΢磬ǧ˵һֱƲȡԣȥǸӣţܰǶ¥ըˡСͻȻҺĻ˺棬˵Щڡ
俴˿ЩɫСˣһˮƸСˡôƲסءǺǣСʱܱĻء
ûȥƹˮ΢΢ͷ䣬ϣľˡٿΡʵ˶٣ʵڱﲻסˣʵˡ
ˣʡ
ζʲôܸ˵ʲô˵ûӣҲûԣʵڿȥˡ
ȻڣѾˣԼ⡣
Ȼ֪ʲô˵Ҳ֪ʲô˵
֮䣬ӵĵȴѾǺܳʱĳĬˡ
ǵģ䣬ԭҲ˵һݵѧСֻֿʼץ˫ϥϵĿӣץһһѵӡ
װûע⵽СĽţ˵ôλôѽѵǹЩӾȻô
СͷժһֱװõľӣۿҪѾ۶ˣ䣬粻˵
Ŷ֪þǱֳĬʱԵĵȴѵʡ
Ȼֵһ
һֱɡүү˵ԵʯֹϵҲסΡ
ֻ΢΢ͷԼ˵ȥȻүүҲ֪ôΡϵ磬ǲ£Ѿ鵽˺ѻָŻǸߡ
ǸܻסΣ̲סˡ
䣬Ǹ㣬ġҲ֪Ǹܸʲôֻ֪סա
ȲˣǸ߶סա
Ҳҥ˵ߣʬϣᱣʬ곣ࡣԣ˼ҵĵͨ編ʦ߼ȥѰöߡ
°ͣ˼һϾͷ㷢˿
ûΣջ˥ϣʵ
ȷ˵ûΣѱξ𣬵ȷεջб仯Сһѧ̬ոջش⣬ƺЩʲô䣬Ҳб仯ˣˣȻߣҪ㡣
Ϊʲôƫƫң䲻Ǻܶѵߵÿһֻƫƫô
Сܸܲʵ񺹣𣿡Ҳˣɴ࿪żɽ
ᡣҲ»ᡣСҲȵһ̣ŵͷֱԲ䡣
䣬үү`/ֻǧȸˡ֪ҩġûһҩģܾȵ𱬹ԵʯΡ䣬ܲҲңԵ֣ǣǸǡ
Сҳˡһκʡȥ֧֧ʲڵķϻֱ˵ҵĺãǣҲ֪ôܳ
ˣѻ˵ݶϣС̧۾һ˫˹ǵ۾ڲˣϿҵؿ䣬䣬ǿ𣿡
ѵһֱôգգ۾Цˡ
š֪иطһȥСεֿܳ
#
ⴱ¥ڷġ
ﰲػΪڴСĵƻԻͣŻʱ¥һֵա
Сһ׶¶װһϣʮ϶ײִڿ
𪣬һֻĹŵƿڿ·ҲڲסƯʵһ
Сڽϣ·ƹ⴦ܻ˻ͷ
䣬ǿÿһ˿һۣҶ}ûţҪ֪ҰĻᱬˣûƢӡ
Ҳû취һ·Ϊ˲Ŀ⣬һֱ߶߶ϻҲϲͣʱǵ֪䲻һˡҲ¸鷳
̾ڲԶˣԣҲû˵ʲô
ӸոճǶ¥ʵע⵽ˣһֱһһɫ๤Ʒ˲Զһֱ
ñΪ͵͵εУŵСٵˡǣװû⡣
䷢֣๤ƷƺҪȥĵطϤƶ죬ʮ״һִ󷽷ǰ档
̾ǰˡ
Сͣ˽Ų
СͷڲᡣëԼ˵ҪȥΪ˲ȣߵ֮ǰġ
ҪǰߣСһѣȵȡ
ôˣСʡ
û˵ɫ๤Ʒ˸պùսë
ʣ̣ʱ䣬ûԤԼҲܽȥ𣿡
С֪ͻȻʲôͷ˵֮ǰëкˡͨûԤԼûλӵġ
һ̧ͷ¥ȹǼӣպøӴˡ
һֻɫƷĸ첲˳ѸӴĲ̶֧ˡ
ˡǵ¥һ䡣
룺ѵǰԤġ
С¥𣿡ʡ
ġÿҸëᰲȥ¥һ䡣ǲŵġС˵ţһ̧ͷԣ䣬㿴Ǽ俪ŸӴİ䡣
û˵ΪֻɫƷĸ첲ڣСȴƺû
ھԿ˲ӣ䣬߼϶ëкˡ
Сܸ˵ӡ
ʼûոǸɫ๤Ʒˡ
ǣֱȻٹ죬ȴҲͨˡ


49 
ʰ
ǣĿ˴ˣʡ
С˰, ʱѾ
һ¥С
һȰӶǸӸո, ͱ˫ˢˢˡ
С磬롣
롣

ñӳʦëƷɵĳƺƺг˸ӡ
, ȥɡڵˡëʦԱ˸ɫİ, ֱܹ˵
һ棿
ҿµ꣬ȥӡͲµëһס˽ڡ
ͷ, СѾëʦץȥˡ
Ҳİ, ŸӴɫƷˣ첽ȥ
¥м, ʵ㲻ϰ䡣
һ䳤ε, Ű
ķֻȻĵ񻨺ľ, ȴÿΧֻİӡ
һͿ˱ߵϴͬһλáֱߵİ
ӴԱߣмλãǽλ, ˣҲϴĵط, , ǽ
䵥ŰţŲûż
վסˡ
, Źϡ, ûվ, Ҳûͷƺԥ
Ųû, Ϊһ·ɫ๤Ʒֱߵİǽλá
һϣպøһֱߡ
߹ȥֱ߿ǽλãͻˡ
㡭仹ǿˡ
䣬ȹŽɡŵˣЩ߻β
һ֪ˡ
߹ȥӣ¾͸ĿˡȻӿǸнʮ׵ľ롣
ҲǾȣİ˶ӣ˶һ˫۾ʶ
ڵؿȴһ˫״
䣬ܿˣô´ˣʵᡣ
˵ͷ
Ӧòǵˡǵ㡣Ҳֿѡ䵹һȲ衣
ҲתܵСҵġҲȰҡô˵ţȴ΢΢ţ۾ҲŹ⣬ƽʱ
俴öҫ΢΢Цš벻йһѣ͸벻Լ˭һ
񣿡豭ֻһڣ͸ˡ
ǵġһ׹񡣡
ʣֻͨˣ
㡣ͨ˿ֻʣһꡣ
Ϊʲôܿϸһ룬ȷСƺһ·Ҳûע⵽ˡ
Ϊ㻹˪ֻ֮ЩֻǧܿԼһ衣
˭俴ˣҲһ˲豭ƺҪȲӣûߡ
ǹ˼件ϲСרȷǡ类ݺˡ㻰˵һ룬ͻȻգգ۾䣬ٱء
ʼûлͷ۾ָµĲ豭
ѱῴöᵽֻܿͱϡ
⡣˲豭Ȼ۾зЦģЩ껭Ĳӡ
ֱ˸첲Ҳֱˡ
Ǹӵľ룬ϵĲ豭ȴ¡
˳΢΢ףҲһ𣬰Ѳ豭͵ߣ˿浴ΪײСԲΡ
һڡ漴˱ӡ
䣺Ϊʲôҿͨˡȴֻһ飿
㾼Ȼ۾һֱ䣬ΪԸϱӵļ䡣вʡ
⻹ѡ񣿡֮շת
㣺ԡԸ̫ǿˡΪ׹ʱһļ䣬Ϊ˱ż䣬תֻءԸһԶƮĲлꡣ
ʲôֵôƴˡ
ǡǡʱŲˣ֨űƿˡ
ͨˣӲܺȰ࣬ҰһࡣˡëЦطһСȸʢһࡣ
ŵζ̲סϵضӸŹû˵ллͱëסˡ
䣬԰ɡлҡǷģӶꡣëóҵĿ׻ˣϵЦ˿ůůġ
ëСԼλˣȥӰɡ̧סëҪҡҡͷ˸ˡ
šȥëתȥˡ
ëһԿİ¡ƽƽͻȻðôһ䡣
ʲô䲻ɤȷǱȵˡ
ǲǸ˵ëֻè
˵ͷ̣ʱѰ˼أôġ
һֱûʲôٴ죬ԣëڵֻаꡣʵĹ񡣡
ëʦм𣿡Ž
㣺СȫëֻǵһĵӡǵùΪʲô׹ԼΪʲôˡ
ű˼Ҫˡ
ΪëҲʡȻǶʹļû£òסһ˼䰮ĹԼǰ׹䣬Ǽʹ¶ʹǣȰ䣬ȥֻʱ򣬹ľǿȫûʲô¶ȡ
䲻֪ôĶˣΪʲôûһ𣿡
һһŲ豭֣ûĹأһ𡣾֮ǰ˵Ҳ;˼ɡ
ջأֿԵ˿Ͳס嶯붯ȥεͷ
űƿëˡһӣһơ
ȳЦЦһҸҲһ
裬ˡ䲻ҺȾơ
䣺ûʹҡһۣëʦɡҪȵġ졣
ëӦһһȥˡ
ϸƽʱһ㣬кšˣˡ
һһˡ
ƿ˰ӸӣֵһѾơ
ܿ˵顣
йˣһ˫Цһֱǰĸñʦַ°ӸƣؿëһһֱЦŵһ˫۾
Ȼע⵽ˣëʦ۾Ĺûжϣëʦŵӱպô˹һ˫
ǣĿ˴ˣ俴ȥˡ
ܿëëһֱ䣬䣬֪ëΪʲô˾Ц𣿡
ΪͣҲˣëʦһֱһһֱЦŵ
ǡҡҡͷΪë֪ĶΪʱῴĹһЦաԣһֱһ˫èзŹЦ
ʶһ˵ô໰ǽ˵Ĺ¡


50 

ôһ죬һһֱ㣬
ϲʹŵ, Ĺ¡
ǰǰ϶һϡ
èǧ꣬ϴѹһͷ
ëİʱҲú
ǻ, ˼Ľս̣˵ˣͨ˼Ǵ궼ˡ
ë˽翪, ֻʳ˼̻èζô˼˼Ȼ, һ﷽ú̿ʮӡǮҲת
ͨ˼ңԼղȡů, ӵ¯ͨյġ
ÿèһ˫èȫ, 
㲻Ҳʲô¶, 𲻹֮͡
ֻ, ÿһ첻͵ù
ܾһǰ, ֱǸĲ͵ݡ
û³Ż, ǰӶϵˡ
С㲻ûġôӡܾ, Ƕˡ
ëڿ, ϴ֮һֻèצ, , ϴ, ɱ, ڡȻӲ˵
סٻˡ´ΣҲ㶳ؽ㿴ǲǶ¡
ϻЦ£ϵŴӱЦ𣬡Ʒɣ˵ҪǰҶؽˣںûˣǶܸʲôѽ
ءôҲǸôһ˵ûʲôǣǰ㶳ȥԼëŻӵֻۣè۵Բ
ƲƲ죬ڡ
Ʒɣ㿴㣬˵ʲôˡͼԼˡ˵С
ϻ˵䡣ë˦ŷŹ˦һ
˰ϵۣҪ˵СҲ̫ˡ˵ţתëǰЩҿ¡Ȼʵѽڰĥء
ĥӣͶëҲ졣
ҲûС˵Ķˡѽһѣ׻ǲǣԼ˵ŻҲЦġ
Ҳ𾴵Сëèۡ
ëôһ˵һ仰
ǲУǰдˣǴˡСıʵҲСƷɣһԸһԸһҲæ˵Ƶġ
Լź񿴲ǰ㣬ëţ룬ƤౡС˼СǱΪģܹޣһ޴ӡ
ûءëȥϴ⡣
˻ҲˣͺáǶϷˣ֪Ҳҿ
С㶼ˡС˵ҲҪЩ磬֣óҲ˺裬¸ˡ
ôˡʲôԣ˵ëһֱƢǸŰݣϴ󶯾
СǻóЩִűڵ˵úͷͷǵ
㴹ӣֻȲ費˵
˵ϻˡǸʲô̬ȡëٶȿþˣһյ蹤򣬴ںͺˡ
䣬ôӡҶٱ鶼ûáҸһСϷɺ죬˵Ƣã࣬ʲô˵ʲô
СҲʡԼ˵˵ɣĵطȥˡγΡа˶˹Լġһ԰ɡ
㡣ÿΰ㶳ˣǲҹﶼţĶȥ۰ɡҿҹﳣ
񣬱˵ˡһѹĻˡ
ת˿㣬ѵЦҵǾδںʲôΪСǸԹŻûиĸߵһҲ£㡣
ô󷨣ëʡ
й涨ģܸһ𡣡ѾߦƤӵëЩʹţֻǸû췣Щᱻ񣬳Ϊ׹ᱻֱȡΡ
ҸҲǶʲôëٶȿؿֻèצĶѾһһӵİӰˡ
Ĳ豭ˣԼ˲裬˵ǲǶʵûʲô۵Ľߡֻ۶۶ѡм˽硣˽类ˡνԿη߶ʮһ׼͸ͷߡ
ޡ磬˵ЩġëѾʼ׼ˡ300ӣȸĹ׼ˣҪڡ
ǲʲôƷɣһ¶ͷϡ
ˡһǾһɢظҡëԸȥ˵Ķ˭Ŷ˵
ΪѾǧˡȥֻʣһˡũʮ壬һŰڶɵè
Ʒɣġûļҡôһ죬һһֱ㣬һֱ
ëֱ˹졣
棬ָһëèצˡëƷһ˫ϬĴ
ЦЦվֱ뿪ˡ
ϷܽӴȻ䣬ˣҲ̫Ϊˡ
뿪̣Ҳ룬ôһ죬صסô
˽粻̫ƽ㲻Ҳᶯ
ȥֹס˼ֻ˼ҵĶ˰ϻȸŻȸһ飬ҴҵĴѰŰ˰̡
ôҲû뵽뿪ʱúõỊ̇˰ͱһȺΧҪŻյ
ֻǼ¶ͨˣżѻͨ˵Ļëİ̡
糾ͣûǷʲô¶
վڸ¥ϣһɫľóҲ˹ѰΧ˸ˮйͨ
תۼ䣬һȫװռ콭ǵҰذѰ̰Χˡ
ëǧ˫֣һӵķˣûմһ˵Ѫ
οëֻ׺ǿÿѷٸӣרžȼΪսҳԲϷ˺ͺǡ
ëÿһʿǴѶʡˡʵ벻һ̱ë
СȸҲһ·ˣûȫ̡
վڷֻܸš
ϰֻѷٸӣӵĴʳСӺˡƫƫ˸Ķӣ˵Ҫռ˽ǵҰ
ĶӸӣëȻ
󣬰ûϣһٴĲӣůӵĺȡЦţܿˡ
¶ǸˣòĶ𣬾Ȼɢҥԣ˵Ұӵ꿪¡ϳʵ͵Ұľİӡ
Ұ˽ǱͷɱӶᣬôڣҪⴱڳĵİ̡
ⷬŭ
ʱ򣬻洺Ц˵ֻйӡ
һĲǹһˣԱ߻һҲͬʱ˰̵ϡ
ѸոҪȥ֣˻
䣬Ҳ𼤶˼¶ǲҲֵġܶ˻ᱻְΪ׹񡣡Цǰ档
⻰ƽʱë˹ؼʱ򣬾һ˦Թô
ۿǹڶ׼˰̣ԣᵽŨҵ
Сһ¡
治ֹͨˡǶ񻯵ⲻ֮ͨľסǱˡɫء
ʲôȿһֻèôȻһȻӣ֣кߡ
ëֵãŭܲԸһ˹
ͻȻȻûԶ´Ц
һһ˦˩һ
ɫ䣬ѸףС䣬ȻǣߵϡҲףգȷʱϵǧĺˡҾܰǴһˣʱҸƷɵ¶ǵ˵ؽʱ
ˡɿ䣬Ҳⲻ
ëĵ꣬òܡ۾ð׹ҪʲôˣһҲû
䣬û˪֮ϵӻǻġסûˡͷСȸ˵СС߰ɡ
㱻ź޷ѣٶ࿴һ۱㱻קţ͵ĵؽѡ
ͬʱ¡һ죬Χˡ
䣬ΧŰ̵ҰҪˡ
ԡɱͨˡڹ컯֮¡Ҳͷ䡣
ɱǶˡЩˣɱӶᣬ۸Ů˻ĺӣʲôɹ䣬Ӧÿɡ֪ô򵥣Ǳһ
Щƶ˼¡Ӧֻ˹ͻȻɱˣѪϴϰˡˡ
˻ȼȴղ䣬ӽ⿪Ҫȥҵóȥëھ͵óȥ
̾˿ⲻġ֪ǹڣֻܵǽ⿪ͷ˵ŽⲻҲѾһͷӶ˱硣
ֱϵ˰Ŷĵؽԣڵؽ˸һҲ벻ؽѡżӣԼܿϵĶ
һֱݾŲӣԣ䣬治ֹͨˡҸոᵽˣ켣ͨС
ԣǸͨϵҲˡţҲڿ档
䣬˵أ㲻֪ôģô˳
ǵӣͻһ֮ڣȻ⿪ˡ䲢ش⣬˳


51 
֧
΢΢һЦд֡㡿
˫ս˲豭, ˸߳
ˡ䣬Ҳ𣿡ë, ҲӦ֪Ľ֣ƫƫʱ˾ơ
Ⱦơ䵹ɡǱߵľ˻
һѶȥëľƺëʦ, Ҿͺˡϲѣȥ
ʱ, Ҳһ˾ƱͷЦЦ
žƺԼҪȥ㻹Ǵ, ס˾ƺ,䣬Ѿƺ, Ҹ㵹ơ
¾Ʊ, Ǹ˸վٱ, ССֻ˰뱭һھƣһ, ģɤȵġ
ءǵԼ⿪ģʡ
ǵ, , ڵؽһ졣֮Զ⿪ˡҲѱоƺȾˡ
, Ѿƺȥ, ҪٸԼ, һֻС档
, ˡ㲻ʤȲɡ
ԣëʦأʱĶŲĴ֣΢죬ŭ׷
˵ЩʲôءëóƺϵѶˡ
䣬ҾãʵͦõġëСƸ䡣
Դʣʲôͦõģ
٣ǶԼķʽо˴ˡҾͦõġܿңֻҪĵģܿĵҡѵôëָҨһࡣ
ѵôҲ˵ˡ
ǣëʦݹһʱע⵽ˣʦͷ
ƺԺƺҲΪ˲۾ж
ȥüСëת뿪ˡ
ԣëʦҲˣ仹׷Ųš
ëЩҰɱһ飬֮ˡֻǧèһɱˣɱĻȥˡΪܸסʵôֻɵèɡ룬֪˵Ļǲëˡˣɵġ
ûʲôư㡣ɤȵģͷҲ
俴־˾ƱѸ첲һ죬㵹
䣬Ȳģƹݳ񡣡ֻ˰Сѡ
㣬㶼ûͷΪʲô֪ôģҪʲôո뵽ˣԣëʦҪмӡΪֻܿܡ˵ʲô
šԼ˾ơ
ԣȥİҲ᳣࣬ΪҪ񣬶ôֺȣʼ°ͣ˼
ȻûЩ䣬ôŬû취κεΡ
䣬ʵǸʱܸĻǽġԣ쿴㣬һܿġԺȾƵٶȿ
ǸˣҲѾԼһ
㣬ʵҲܡ˵ô˵ʲôˣ俴ԽԽףеˣһš
Ǹûģûʲôû㴹۽ֱӿӲסˡ
̧ӣŴűߵܿȻӡ
棬Ĵߣ򢣬©ֻһ˾ƿЩȵĺ©档
ѵ㳤ƪĹ£Լã㼴һҲûйèҹࡣ
ǵйʲôץӷΡ
˵˵¡䳶˳ڣоδػ˵ʵ
ǸƲһ£˱ݾҡͷ
ˣǸƷҪһ̳ơ㲻鲻Ըؼһ仰
ϣëӦžʹ̳ơ
һֲɫ̳Ӿƣÿһٰ̳˽ſڣӲŰʵ
ëʦִ̳װŵľƣ治ءëëʦĶŪõء˸˵ŻЩͷˡ
䣬ëƷɰɡëʦһë׵ġëԼȡЦţѾϸһ̳ơ
俴Щﲻ̣㲻˵ֻڨڨЦЦ˿ڣëѶľùɡ
ëЦЦû
Ĳ̣ë˵ëʵѾԱˡûˡѾ̳ӷм䣬ҪҲһ
ëɬ䣬ţЩƶڵؽġаءƽʱһҶó
ԱߵЦЦ¥æ˹ȥˡš
ëһת˽ӣһҭ˿첽߿ˣû׷
˾̳ӣ¾Ũ㣬ˣҪﵹƱסˡ
䣬л˵Ѿ̳ƵɫƷǰ
䲻֪ôڣ˵ѣǣҲǵˡⲻǿЦģʵҶǵԼˡ̫ģֺСƣ˵Ļкܶ¶Ҫ㡣
䣬ʧˣܿı顣ڶ澶Ժžơ
ͷ֪ôʱմ˵ˮϱȻ˼¡
ԱɫƷĹƺˣֵʳָմմľơ
䡹ݵּͻȻ͹쳣
䣬ǰǰľƣֻͨǰľƸ㽻ͨմˮдǿġ˵꣬ԱߵĹŵ˵ͷ
䣬Ҫ˵˵ֻһƲлֵܴ꣬ʱ䲻ࡣȥر¡վʱ߶ѹĻëһֱţ붺ġʶ˲лơ
ͷӦʡ
˸ոչλãƲֵͣĹš
ɫϷܱʼ˼֣Ų伱ſۡ
Һܺãù˾ˡ䣬Сõ
΢΢ͷȹЩʾ
ٲࡣơ
֮ǰС֪Ǹô졣
ɴѧŹӣҲϱȻ˼֣Ȼдֲû͹ԳɴһڣԴţһ⽻ʱֽϰñ飺Ҹô죿
ЦˣǴ΢Ц
ֻ⸱ЦҲʶ
˵ͷŵд֡񺹡
Щˣ֫߹˺ܶ취˺
Ҳڶţֲ̧˲ǲеĺ˫ֽǰ棬߹֪ô
һֻ첲֧ţһ°ͣû˼
伱ˣվԭؿܣֶ¸Գţ֫չͲ㲥ˡһ׶Ѷ㿴Ǻ˿ھƣǱûЦ
ֱֻĨ˰Ѷͷְֱ񿴣㿴ˣɵ׵ô
ָӣ񺹣һ˲С
һ֣Ҿ֪
ǣ׸ô죿
񺹣Ҫˡһ仰ûд꣬ͻȻϵһ
俴ܣָָ㡣
Цŵ˵ͷĽͻˡ
һκȻ֪˰죬ǣǼôס
Ȼüչ΢΢һЦд֡㡿
䲻ֲ֡ɫ
Ѿյͨ졣
һ˻ںžƣҲдˣþ̳ӡ
涮ˡ


52 

䣬ˡ
Źþ̳, һЦվҪ뿪ˡ
仹ȥסɫƷ
Ȼ, ץȥͶӰͶӰӣտյʲôûץ
, ߰ɡ̫áӺվſѾɫ䵭˵Ĺ˵ͷ, ŻصĶ档
θɴҲˣ˫ž̳ӾҪԼ
߹һѶ˾̳,, Ʋôȡ
Ҫܡֱ̧˰졣
䣬㱾Ͳʤ, Լֻܡƹ, Աߡ
û˵, ֻ۾ͮͮĻһֱֱضС̳ӡ
׹˼ˣûлᣬֻô̳þ, ҪԡԼҲ
һ˫۵ͨ۾㣬ʲôҲû˵, Ѿ֪ǰֻ, ʵƣҪ, ׾ͿƵס
仺ְ, ҲѸ, Ȼ, 㶼û㡣
С˼Ҫ̫ˣȻ㶼öˣɴҲòˡ
һ޳ָѾʹ˪֮ûôǰֻֽţ˲ͱסˡ
Ԥϵˣûһ£һĶûС
ֻǾ䣬Ȱ䣬ǸƹӣʱҲ⡣ʱҲûоġ
Ѿ˾̳ӣˡˡ
¾ź㣬ںҪˡ
䣬ͣһ£ͣһ¡ƽﻰһ˶ϷʹſС
仹ǰѾ̳ȷˣ˰죬°ϻžӨľ顣
䣬ƲûйĨǡ
֪ܿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
㿴Ѿ˵ʹż˸Ե䣬ë˰ľƣܷһҪȣ㡣
ȻȰסֻٺȵ
ҺȾƣ˸СãûڣЦˣѾǰЩˡУعء
šʲôأ㶼Ӧ
Ҫҵġͫ಻ȣѾʼƮƣ㣬Ѿղס̳ˡ
šҶӦ֣صĵ˵ͷ
̳ƣߣߣЩˡ
áȿߡ˵ꡣ
ߣǸߡ㣬һؼҰɡ˫糺죬˫ȣ仰˵ڣûж㾾ġ
㴹۾䣬볾ļ
شˣӣãҴؼҡ䣬һؼҡ
䣬⿪Լˣû󣬸
ţ·ϣ˪֮⿪ˡֻûŲ
ֽܶˡ
ûʳԣǰѾ̳ӵľƵС룬Ƹ䣬ʵֻǳǳһ
䣬ģˡ˵Լ˾̳ӣҪһ¡
㣬ֻͷεϷգʣǰҲһ𣿡
룬ȷȹΣ㵥һơʵش𣬡ʵ㡣ǰϲȲ衣
ŶǰÿءκģҲȵģ֪仰ǣǰǸһֱѣô
ԡС룬һֱǱ˪壬ô᲻ѡ
ôѣ룬˿ڣңΪʲôһֻһ𰡡
ƺ㣬ֻ
̳ӣ˰̳ӲŷΪһֱ񡣲ֻһ𣬶ֻһ𡣡ûպƢ
ôΪʲôֻڲһءС룬͵ߣһڣͷˣ
̧۽ޣκһϸС顣
Ȼ㻹ͷ˹ˣžƣû
ڣֻһ𡣡ЦЦ˵ˡûλ
ڲһôǺ侲˾̳ӡ
㣬һֱҲë
ûѻ˵꣬һס죬䣬˵ȥ⻰Ҳ
ÿأңң䲻֪Ϊʲô˵ȴǺܿܿģЦҵﻹоء
׶ľҲ˹䣬ˡһڣң𣿡
꣬ǾͻؼңôǵԼָ㡣
šѾһߣҴؼҡ
վӣֻýǷӣˤ
䣬ұȥƹߵǰ棬΢΢ϥȥ
棬¥£ܶ˵ġ㲻ǿǣġ䱾Ͼͨ죬ʻʱ򣬶Ӷ͸ˡ
ûתʲô
㡢ϲҡҲ֪ˣôʣʵֱӰԼĶλ˶ףϾûû
˵꣬šȥͷݺҧס´ôʵãֻԼûӡ
ûᡣ䣬ϲͻȻתͷͨ䣬ʹȴûһַܡ
ֻ㲻Ը⿴ɡȫȥ
ԼԼǲߣϷڽ飬ǰֻ򵥵仰һӿĵͻҪˡһŲţŲҽţһᣬȻſıϡ
ģһΣ治ǹġ
˫ְˣվ
¥ʱë硣
ëˡ˸кͱҴ¥ˡ
ߵſʱëСȸҲɣǡı߱˶ˣҲǸ鷳
˰̣ҹжʱ䣬ſȻﲻС
ҿûڿǣ˫§ĲӣߣŴŴ˵ûʲôڿءˣҪǾͻһһòð
䣬ˡûЦûĻ
ǣ㲻һҾθﱻյЩܣͻȻءҪǻǻ䲢ģӻѡ
ֻʱ̱һңҪҪ뾡һзٳһκ
䣬˾ϡҺܽˡټһ¡ϵ˵Żһ˫˲ӡ
ȡܡԴ󲱾ϲ˲䡣
䣬ҸСܰɡûͷ
ܣΪԼˣ˵һܣ
ϲ桸Сܡֱһøȥˡ
䣬񲻻ˡϱ˱ƽ
ʲô˼
㣺㣬Ǿȥֻأȥëˡ
ƶǶͻȻθľյøˡʣë֪𣿡
㣺֪Ǹܡ
䷴Ӧһ
ĺҲ˲䣬ϵ֣ᴷؿڣ㣬ܸͲЦܡԣ㻹ȥǼ䣬װڣôƭëǲˣĺ󱳣ɳʣ§øˡ
䣬ұͲˡˣûƢظˡ
룬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳ꣬һһģëҰӵһֱ
٣иޡ
иͷֻʣһƻǣһֻҲֻǶݵΰˡ


53 

ڸҫɳơ
÷꼾һ, յĽҹֶͣһĶ¶̿㡣
Ȼ, һɫ³Ʒ׶ʵ
Ȼû·ëǶ, ǳԵȷȵȾơ
, û˿յȫҹţǶ¶̿㶼ܲˣο󻹱һˡ
䲻, Ҳӳ, Ѿ䤱ˡ
ǸϸܣĲ骷ź, 
ĬӺַ̧ĺˮ, ĵ, ôູԲ˵Լء
ȷ˿̱˾ƶƣ㵹ͨˡĽ˵һοԭҲô
涨, ôڶгʵʣµǵ, ʹó
û׷ȥϰÿһڵ
ֻ͸˺ˮĺֲ˲, ֻĺˮ͸ŵ滨㣬Ⱦ㻹ˡҲ, ²ô, ٳһκҲá
תѾ¥, Զͣǰ, ſˡ
Сȸϣ磬ڰ㣬𹼸ֻشһСȸηˡ
ӽһֱ۾Ըװ˯˯˹ȥ
ϾжݵļһκôƣĶ벻Ǻ˶١
θ̣գñҾȼƫƫǲ
Ӻ˴ϣ￪ŵƣˡ
θﻹ𣿡⿪Ь˷ڴ֮ѵЬӡ
˵ˣͻ߿𣿡ýֺһߣһֻЬߵˣһס
ᡣһֻ첲˱ߵЬӡ
ʵͦܵġȨ⣬С˵ʵ
ʵû취ȥ㵹ˮ
֣һת
㲻˵뿪𣿡䱻һٵʧţ
ûƢ䣬ãҶ˵ȥЬӣϴ֣ˮȡһëͻ𣿡
ЩԼֹš
㻹Ҫʲôû
ȥ·ɡţĺգգ۾۽ϻմĺˮ
Źϣˡ
俴ǽϵĹӣһ롣
Ĭһٵʱ̲ס
181182ƾɤԽԽơ
183䣬õˡˡ
һЦˣһֻͷϵˮˮ·ʪˡ㲻ǱˮȥǸȥˡ
ȷ·ǻˣ޷ֻһ׺ɫƷ
ԱƷмף
ͦģһӣûˮѾ¡
䣬ҷȱˮ
Щӱչ˹ˣȻһֻ첲һ
ݹȥˮû˽ӣǣֻðѱ͵ߣëЩ¾ƶ̫ߣʺͨˡ䣬Ȱˮˡ
֣ǶһһˮŲӺȾˡ
㣬ˮˡȻأҲҷƢȷǺ
Դͷϡһͷһɢ˰ɫϡûٶִķҼŲˡ
Ȼ˯һɡϢճϰԣ˯ˡˮ˴ͷϣĴԱߵëϡһ̧֣ѴͷҲšˡ
㣬֪ͨˣͨ˺˾ƣҪĲһˮһ˵Żָõش
ͨ˺ôҵľƣҪ˯һǿ˪֮ڷֽƾ˯ɡشƽֺֻں˯
ͨˣġɴѻ˵ظף˵Լҧ촽֮ǰŴ¶˵ȥˡ
䣬ҿ԰㡣ǣҲ㡣˺Щ˼ǺҪʲô񺹡ҲĽ࣬˵û£ֱ˵
ˡҲǸġȥһ£ԼԡѾͨ졣
䣬˯ţҸ˵һҵܰɡûֻŲˡ
ѱҵĺԽԽأӵĳĬﶼĺˡ
ôһҪ˵뽲𣿡䱻ˣܣܣЩᣬ֪ҲĵϣǸɰСܡ
ûŪ飬ֻľΣָԾֲķ˿
һ£Ͻ֣˫ֵһ
ûԼ¡˵䣬һǸСʱ򣬺ϲơϲľƣﴼ˽綼ûеġԣһȥ͵ƺȡܻײ񡭡
񣬴ˣ֪Լʲô룬̲ס졣
ǰɡÿζץסᱻŵġ
ʲôԽˣﲻסҪһʡ
ҽⲻıÿαĴкܶþơʽģҵľ飬һ͵ġ㿴˿䣬ܰ
ΪҲþơ֪һֻϲȲ衣˵š
ʲô˼˵͵˾ƱˣԲһ˫ɫһӡ
͵ռˮ洦߾ˡЦˣϽ˹ؼʡ
˵ܾͦζֻϧǵԼǲô
ܣҵġҡҡͷ
أʡ
ո˵ġʵԺá𣿡㷴
Լǵﳣ˵ǿ˵ͷû뵽󷽷ϸˡ
ǰǸ˾ƾͻ̲סο˵˵¶˵غ̹һΣˡȥװûˣһֱ쵽˶䡣һĻȥ
˵Զˣ¾仰Ժ˰ɡ
˿
ԺұˡûԼһҲûСܺˡ
ڸҫˣȴĥĥɳơ
ǡֻ㣬֮䣬Ǹһֱҡ㲻Ҫ˵Լں㣬䣬һֱں־ֻĺﱻյظˡ
㣬ˡͻȻץ˰ͷൽ档
ʲôˣһסŰ
λһָ˼䡭̫ˡ
ǣӣǰһŴһӳϣȥջУǸϤ֪ˡ
û䣬֪Լ˵ĻǸʲô˼ˣС䲻Ⱦ߸ϵĿһСͻȻ˫ͫš˫ü۾һģһ
ʲôˣЩҡ
Ǹңһ˵ο塣ʵ㣬ˡһһаۣ˾ƣ£͸
סû˵ȴ䷴һץֽ˱
䡭֮Ļû˵ڡ
䱧סĲӣߣȵĴ


54 

ңңǸҲʵĴʡ
һһµĹȥ, 㾹һ
֮ǰÿһζĻͻȻذ߳
ֻҪƿ, ͻصŶ·
ȻһΣѾȥŹסĴ, ŨҾȵ˫̰ǲɿڵĺӡ
ǲûбһʩħľ, Ź͸˵ľ㣬䲻òɿ˫ȥʿˮ
·ŵ۽ޣŨܵĽëһֱ¶ˮ, ոĺˮ, ֺǾʪˡ
ҡҡͷ, ۽жҪ, Ҫвס, һ˫޳ָû˵ѱ˪ˡ
ľ, ֽʲôá
ͷݾҧס´
ִӱɿˡû, Բ, ̧ȥ°͡
űۿҪڴĳݺ, ̧Ĵָͼȥӡ
ɿ´, ͵ߵĴָ˱˽ȥ, ҧú, ѾĴָһҧġ
ָǴһ̲ס˳
䣬ɿڡҡҡĴָûУһο󣬡
˻ƵĲ񻰣κһ֣˿ڡ
űߵ㣬һֻסĲ΢΢ʪ˫
۾˿־ΪΪ߶ɡ
Ȼ߽Ӵ˲䣬ǻϤˬ
һֻֻϡ
䷴ӦѸһ̧֣߱ժ
ʱһգʣ׿ߣ˫ֽ§Ĳӡ
ַֺϺϵĴ֮սֱصĴϢűͨɿ֡
˧ǰˣҲɿ֣޲ھͻǸߡ
ߵĻȴֲů٣ƭҡ˵ߴ˾ժôŴ׷
㴹һ˫ɫӣʱþȻ¾Ǳǻ
Цˣûƭ㡣Լߡʲôʱժֻ˲˵㡣
ǣ֮ǰҪժ˽ӡ
̧֣ıǼ£ƽ˱ϽϸƣЦ˵£ֻԼ׸ʱ򣬲ժɡ
䣺׸졣Ų˵ôĻϹɡ
ɣ񲻻ôɣҡ
䣬ο԰˯˰ɣժˣҲˣţŲŲֲԾİָǲķ˿УĦš
ʲôţסֻ󣬰Դקȴûɿ
ǣи𣿡ʵģ׶ˣΪʲôҪһȥ
䣬Ҫʲô˯˵ʲô󷽡
·˼һˡҪ˵
˵˯ҪֱͦͦһߣϾûȥ˵üֶһĺ졣
Ȼأô˯ʹŵ˵ôһ䣬㿴伱ҪˣŵŻɿˡ
俴ǸЦǰ͵ش˼¡
䣬䣬ȵȡҲ֪ǲװÿȿȿ˼
ƭңһӡ
ѧſȥ˼㲻˪֮С׶ͨҪȥؿڣͦʹӡ
ǰֻˣһҲŽ
ġҵȻ¶ü۶ˣüһüϵ˰ҲŶ˶
ԼΣֻ²Ƕ
ëק˹ϣˣ˯ɡ˵꣬㻹ǹ˵Ⱥ
ã˵ˣˣֻġ
ո¾תҪ
䣬ɺˡҸú˵˵Ҳûƿһֻ첲ؾذ§ߡ
ƭңңſԼ¡
ţģ̇ķ˿
䣬֪һ϶һ񺹣ҲΣôʱûлشˡ
䲻ϵͷ
зƣǣȴҲ֪ô˵ˡ
䣬ҵεȷˡȻһֻҲΪһȥ㲻Ҫ¶ںҹøˣͷٽ
˭ҲҪˣֱӷʡ
䣬ҴӦ㲻ƭ㡣񺹣ĲͻеģУոǲҲ׹𡣡ʲôྶ
ǻԱġ磬֣Եʯϣû֡ᣬּɤ
ЦˣڰҲ޼ɵ뵽ʲô˵ʲô䣬²Ϊ񺹶һ죬ҲҪˣ㻹ôһġʱҲޣһ
Ѽǵϴθոսȥ滨ؿ޻˹ȥֻͺˡ
УŰɡôһ졣Ҳóĵ⣬ŵСԥ˻ȥǡͣסˡ
ʲôȥ
ңңǸҲʵĴʡ
ġһ޸ң㣬뿪ҡòãЦҲܺˬ峺񴼾峺
̧ץס֣ԼҸ£߹ǣλá
ǿӦǻҲˣʱǸ߰һ֧СĶǰ
䣬񺹡˶٣ʵҲ˺ܾãҲľˣӣΣգͺԵʯһΡ񺹻Լġ
û˵ȥԱߵѾȳƣ硣
ڶ죬ΪڣС١
죬˵ۣӳԲһ졣

תһܹȥˡ
һչˣ΢ǷϵȥҲȥ
Ȼƽÿֻ˯ǰĶͷԽߵΪûС
䶼֪ʲôڼÿ춼ڷ³ԡ
Сʱˮ裬Լ棬̳
ܲܵѣεǰҲŵϡ
Եˣʹ˵Ĵꡣ

ȻÿһγԶдۣСĺǻǻ治ףһҲûͷٶһ顣
ټ٣ѧУǱҪýѾСѧȥˡ
ֵգЩԸ㻻̨ŵӡ
СңֱŪôôһĸ̨ǻְǵӰ𣿡ңڸ׼͵ɧ
СȳԷЦ߹ӻɲǼ䣬ЦͻȻסˡ
ôˣ̧ͷʵ
ͻȻɫأⳡֿͨ𲻵𡣸ë񡣡


55 

ţ˾Ͱҵͷ
˵ӻ, 鿴ֻʱ, ҳȥһˣңĶ
ȡĶҪȥûѻ˵, ֱһ仰ˡ
㣬㿴˿ﻹֻ, ӹ䣬ȥѧУ
ƾʲôҪġҾͲܸȥҪȥĶϸʣ˼ˮ, ǰǿȥ
, ֣תҪߡ
, Ҹȥˬ, ֱק
䡣һ̾, ת
ôˣѧѾˣڹѧûëɡɿ۽ޣֻҪĴҹ, ˵ԡ
ͨˡ
Ǳǿͨˡ
·Ͳ档
Ҳϻ, һ, ¶סˡ
򿪹ӣ¹ĺ, ȡһס
ǰ, , ֱӻ˺ɫԱƷ
Щһ
Դ, һϸʵϰգ࣬С磬·ˡ
䣬Ѽǵãһȥᱻϡ
ʳָ𣬷ĴߣԵȡˮڣ׼
ңתⷿӵˣȫϤİ衣
Ͳᱻˡ
һǰ䣬ֱˣɫı߱ϡ
û߶ϵ䣬Ȼ߲ܰݣš˵ͷʣԼժ𣿡
ԡ˵С¹һ˹
һ¶ˣ˫סֻçײС¹
ãûбȥ
ΪԸԳ˫ˡ
ܼ򵥣ժˡֱߣ߾ϡ
һŵӣʣҲڣײء
䲻ΪȻǾ͵ˣ׵ժ¡
ϸƷƷͷô˵ʲôһֱһֱײˣҾһֱšһߣڵȥգҲ
㻹û죬ͱŽżס˫ݵĲ֮Σɿˡȥ̣԰ɡ
뱻ƿš
˰ֹ̣ëȸѾżֻͷȸСڸ¥ˡ
ϣǸ裿¥ۼһ鱨ԱոջƲչǣֽͻȻʲô塣
ëոսʲôɫ
ոգëƷɻΣ´˳ʦñ
𡣡һɨϻȸĿëƷϡ
ǵ㡣ëҲˣժñӣͷ
㴹ȭ
ҵ⡣˽Ϣһ˵⡣ϻȸСţվ
񻯵׻˰ʾϻȸ£żɽʳ˸û֡
ڸ˵ͷȥһ͵磬˵Ҷǵ㡣Ѿˡ׻ѾԼڣ֣Ҳֻܸƽ֡Σǰ¥
׻䲻
ǿ߳ûʲô׻Ϊʲô˼𣿡һֱ߲ë㲻˵ˣ
˼ŻΪð˷һµĻ
ֶţȫںͨ˵˼¶̲סˣĳôҪܵ˼Ż
˼أűǧ߲ѾˡСش䡣
˼ֻΪҫԷԡ˼޷Ϊ硣׻ԼѾǸĶˣսûô
ڱ׹˼䣬񺹵Ϣǰãֻ׻һֱš˹һֱѰ񡣡ëƷϢͨ޷ӻƻѡ
ⳡ׻û˪֮ıͨƶ䲻ῴŻӲ״ܣڵ䡣ڸŽ͸䡣
ë̡˹Ķ㶼ϢˣҺúôţĵꡣĶȥͻȻٺ
Ҳǣš䶼
ϻȸȥˣֻ˵˵Ƕǧˡ֪ΪëãƲסΣԲ¡𡣡
ʵദˡʱ粻ʱ׵ʲôʱ仯
Ѿһţ̶Ȳϵͨˡ
վһֻ˶ţЩͷתۼ䣬ס˫š
ëȸˣ
СҸȥʢȣˡ΢΢һЦ۵ȫǸͨģ
£ȳ˰̣һס֣ʲôʱѧˣҪٽС䣬һҡ
˻ôͲںˣ˵
ֻǸͨѧҼٷðҵˣᱻҳԵġߣһݣһ֣ͦˡ
ðˣһð𡣺ܱܲܽտڹ¡ҶҪˡСеʵʵôԽԽ
ݵſˣ̨ϿһˣԶԶȥֻһֱɻ
俴ΧͷһεϽǷMĦõĶ¥״ôͻȻˣ㣬Ķ
Ҫȥô̹Ȼ
ҪǸֱɻܹȥῪɻ۾ʢĵ峿̫ҫۣ¥̫ˡ
ͨˣûĵطҪˡ
šһĻشˡ
䣬ˣʵͻȻ
䣺ʲôˣû£ɴȵ˵ͷ
һѱ˷˸ʻϡ
ûתţҲûϡ
ֵ̧Ŵ۵ǿΪ̧Ҫϵȫ
Ȼǣϴŵͬ·̫Ϥˡ
ָֻһק⿪ˡ
ϵ꣬˺ԤףǴ̻λεĹ컯֮£һ糺죬¶İ𪲱Ҳź͸ˡ
䣬ȴҼϣһЩ˵Ļڽڷɻá
ţ˾Ͱҵͷվֱ棬߶ȸպãֱӰĸ
Ȳ£Щȵһָʹ
һһ£һ͹һ¡·κˣ̫ͻȻˡ㲻лָʹˡ
˫ְͷڷ棬ŷҵ뿪ߡ
ͷȻ˾ͰˣûΪžͣ¡
û¹һβ˺ˮźˮ޳ָķ˿ͬʱ׷ˡ
ȴҲ̲סˡ
ŴĲ񻰣衢㣬㲻Ҫȥ


56 
׹
ҧгݵ쵰
, ˡ
Ử֪߸Ķˡ
ôɤɳơ
ôܡ, ͷš˹ȥ
ţûȵش׷ʡ
ûСú, ˺ˮ
ŵ񺹵ûɣò׳ĺ, Ҵ⣬ֶֻһֱķ˿ﲻó
˵ѡһ֣Ƶη塣
, 㡭ͷ, ǴɤＷġ
ʺ档̧üһϲŭ
ҧס´, ֻô˼ڡ
Ͻҡҡͷ
˵, ƤӶʪˡĨ˰, ʪģֵ̧ǰ˿
ˡæн͡
ܳô࣬ҿɾ׬ˡ, ⲻǺˮ
ָ, Ȼ֪
滨ǰ, Ļش
˭ĵҡƽﻰٵ, ŇһСŵû
, 𣿡ʵֱӡ
䣺ʱˡôÿζҪʳ˵ͷ
ű, ˴, ֻס´˿ڡ
߲˵ѣȻҪġĶߵʹˣ͸ҡ
ְļϣ䣬ҵλָˣһֻһ㡣
һ·ϻһŵһ˫һӶûü󣬾ͱȾ˷ɫ
ҪһЩˡһûסһ
䣬ôˣŰɡš㹴ǣɳƵ
ˣҲˣŵĻʹˣôڸ㣡
ʹˣ
ָȼɫĻ磬ʻΣ汻ƳһոԲúܾ£Ϣȵ궼Ư
ָ֣ǡ
ְļϣˡ
ĺˮʪѾҪץסͷںڵķ˿ˡ
뿪ΥĵظǰˣȻ˫סˡ
ʹˣ͸ҡĵĻԡ
ʱ򣬶һ˫ӾȻţ׷Ҷһӡ
ۿ쵽Ѫ۾˵ѣÿһдشݸ㡣
ʹӷεȣûΪԼ֯һڵĲѾȫȫ̹׸㡣
㴽Ὺһ죬΢΢ָ䣬أ
Ʋסغ˳
Ųʱ鵽ǰδеĿ顣
ô֮Ļʲˡ
䣬ٳѵġ˫Ųߣüһǡ
ҲںﻹȻڳ
ǣں㴽»ͣıǼ⡣
䣬᲻ңΪ͵񺹡ʱʹŵĶ䶼
ôڶô˵㣿仺˻ƽֺ̧ݾ㴽ĵϣƻС
ƻôƻأ񲻶κѧĺѧ
´ֻȷһ³³㣬ͷβû⿪һſӡ
ͷʱŰƵԼҧгݵص쵰
䣬֪ʵ˵ĶԣҾǸ쵰䣬˼ʻңŹˡ
ϸƷô¼Ĵβһ·ӡ̧ͷŴŴأ㣬ôͻȻ
ֱˣ䣬ֻ㡣Ҹһӽ㲻Ϊ񺹶ѣõˡٺ˶ѡ
ӾϿӾͷֻûѾܷˡ
ȥĿǰ۽ⶼ
価Լƽ䲻ȣԣõ㹻񺹣Ҫˣ񺹣ѵǶƣ
żʻˣĴָͬʱһؽɫĻȼ𣬡òˡѾٿ硣ڣʹͨӵҲκβҡ
б⸱ᣬᱻѪѹ
СӴһˣȻһļֻмƬΣ֮Խ˳Ӻ磬ûôߵһ
ĵĸëСڵΪ˲ˣһԸô
⿴˿Զܿɫĺˡתʵ㣬·ˣϲ˵ôôǺ·
š˺ߣһȰ¡شûʲôƺֲݷ
ˣãݡ䲻ŲæߣԱߵļʻң㣬񺹵ĴţͦءҪӲţҲڤƵģӴҪŹţ··
һ֣˼㿴ˡԣô¶ء
УҲΪ֮ҲһĨνЦ󷽡
ôӿ㣬۽һ˿Ȼһײ׽
Էķŭٿͨ˵УȻԴʱѾʢܲȴʲô
ȥˣûʳֻˣľǸšһܡ
ǰиСǸȼٵ졣Ұŵϡ֮󣬽ڻ㡣
һһؿָŴ⣬ʲô졣
ѾѶժˣͨ˵
䣬϶ҪˡŲݸˣš
Ƴѹ߶ȱ뺣滹ǧ׵ĸ߶ˡԹԴ˶
˳㣬̧޳ָ˵ֱߵĻţ˲ֱסˡ
䣬ʲôһѸȼڱ
΢΢ЦţҲᣬŻš
ȫѹϵͳ6Ǳ3ȫͣڣ˸Ѿʼֱ׹¡
䣬һֽţһֲݣһȼ𣬺޲ͬͬŵȥ˸ʧصһСơ
ôܲأԵãƮƮ˵Ż;˿ûֱͣ
䣬ǧ׸߿աͨ˵׹ûҲûôŵ
Źţ··ҲȡˣﻹЩ価һи飬ﴫȥѾˡ
䣬ԺһҪ񺹡ɱȡѣҪġѾڲԣᶶ
ôȦţҸôǲںͿĵߡ
䣬12Ӿͻ׹ѱ˰ɡ㡣Ŀ
Ҳ𣿲˼ѽ˸㣬Ѿ䣬ǿֻ׹ˡʱȻ̸Ц
򿪽ɡ
ϣءж˽ɡְá
䣡⿪˰ȫס䣬һȥССֱмըˡ
ֳ룬ת뺣У߿϶һ˻
̫ˡÿζЭſ˽ɡڿУĶߵ
˵ʲôǻԲشָϻ͸źı˪֮
㱻۵ģȴûˣ䣬˪֮Ȼұס㣡
ƾʲôƾ䱻§ڻֻֿڡ
ƾ᲻ãƾϲ㣬ƾٲߣˡ㳯Ķһһҧ׼˵÷Էθ
û˵ճֻ֣ĺף˫ȥ
㣺䣬ǽɡϡ


57 
뺣
ݸһЦ˹졣
ѽɡĻвٿصغܺ, ŷٶȣĶŲû⸱ܰ˺
ȻĲҲκβһĵҵġ
ۿ뺣߶Ȳס
Ѿþ, ӣĴȥ䣬仹ǲˡ
˵Ĳ಻, ֮սݻⱻҧסɲڣ, ҲǿӲקɿڡ
˭䣬Զסû, жǿ
һɹ˪֮ӿ, 縺˵Ľɡֳ˱ǣΪڱ, ҧ, ű, ϵȼ˪֮⡣
ͻȻɿݣݸһЦ, ˲˹졣
ǣֳһ, ˪֮˲ʧ, 󱳵Ľɡתճ˻ҡ
䣬ҡ㱻ʹ, һǱߵѪ, ֻһ
ʱһ仰, һ˫һӾȻڹ۶, ż˫Цˡ
ɲǼ䣬Լĺ棬ҿճģ˫Ҳн˻䡣
һ˼׸ߵˮ㱧˺
һֻƴϸһ˺ݾ³
䣬ˡˮ˵ȴȻҷ֣ʵڲͨ˻Ҫôڡ
ǻڼ³ȻȻ³ˮóಫȻƲˮʮӺͯˮȫ
ۿѾˮʮף³ˮѹѹͨ˵ҲҪ͸ˡ
䣬ͨ˵ӣܰӵõ¡ˮѹ̫ˣ䣡е䣬²ȵһƬɫɺϡ
ڣ˽ţϵ˪֮
䣬㵽Ҫôĥˣ䣬ˡ仰˵ڣϾѾϰĥ˳ĥƽ
ˮ΢΢ЦŲ˵ӵΣˮкɣˮˮҲ練ơ
Ҫ˫ʱ㲱һ㿪ˡ
һζ㿪Ĵ
࿪ȴɿʣ䣬ңҪôҶġȥ㲻ˮ̫á
Ҫҷܺð֡
ɿһֻסĺף˫ӦסƮƮȻ˵Ż˫
֮ɫأ䣬׹ˡ֮أҶȥ㡣ѡ˵˿ڡ
䱾ҲΪ˵ֻô᲻ֻ֪޷ǵˣԲҪȥ
ǣҲǺֻΪʲô˰Ե꣬ңȫĸܡ
Ȼֻ֪ģӲαװ
ΪԵʯϵӣԸֻŰӵϰȥһֻλëǣҲ£Ҳ¸ֻӴ硣
ҪССͷһ£ûҪĥ
һֱܲ˵ĻʲôҲʯͷģ˵㣬ˣӣҾ͸ȥ
áӦʹ졣
˵ӣЩڡһͨ˴ˮ¿¼ֲôáңôɵȻ֮˵ˡ
ǣĻѾ˵˿ڡ
Ѿ©Ǻˮ㣬Ѳ̡
ûֻôֻǺ·Ļˮ
ˮ˲еˮѷ˽ȥ
ֻԼûж
õֽ϶ƴҪס
ۿҪߣƢְ̧Աߵĺݾ˲㱻Ũܵĺ˸ʵ
俴ںȻ¹ڳ¿ӿ۵ڵ㣬һᣬˡսˣںʹһĥĺ¹εҲ
ȻûӣȻЦˡȻֿЦˡ
ۿǿðݣͫЩɢ
俴ˮˣҪЦ
ĬĬţʮɫ±ŵĺ˺һӣҲγ˺ۡ
ԽԽСڣһݶûˣ֪Ƿˮ
ͨˣٲĻˮΣգѾûˡ
ͷ֪ͨ˵ľǰȻС޷ܣǣͨҲԼִźͼ֡
ȻҲȥˡۿͫѾһɢҪղ£ˡ
ˡˡ˵˻ѡ
ҡҡͷЦЦ
83ȻҲʱ䣬ŵûж
Ҳȥһץס㣬Ϻݣ˫ֻȥһˮ˳˺档
䱧ţؿҲ¶ˮ棬ԴȻţպšɫ࣬һƬûлָ
ˣھ͸ȥ˵ĵ졣ι㣬ҡһˡ
˿ٻһ
ιȥˡˮ˱ֱӰƵ˺ϡ
ɫɳ̲ӳ⣬ƺߣǾֹϢĻ棬ȴҪˡ
ɳ̲ϣһ
ҡ㲻Ǻôλָôô䲻˵ʲôûӦ
һֱĳɫԱƷŪڣҲˣ˿ڽˮʱɳ̲һѪ
ǲȥ㣬ҡʹҡҡ⸱ļһ
˵ʲôʲôв
ôܽһװ˯ء
伱ˡ
һѳѾ˺˵ĺ£¶š
棬ѹһδӿˮ
Ȼˣûкû
ˮġô˵ţҲûš
˾ѵʱѧӦʲô˲ˣ㣬㲻ˮ
ȷϹ·û谭⿪ĿһԣĿʼ˹
һΣΣڼóˡ
ƽʱȲ񺹣ҲǸЦϳˣһεΣߵϡ
㣬̫ˡʲôҪˡߡˮ̫ûӡôˣԺ˭ͷԼԽ˵ԽʱˣЩ˵ڡԼڽϾ
һ죬˫ȥ
Ȼ˶ڸ컡ݺݵؾҧȥӦһڡ
ۡҲﲻסˡ
쵰һֱ̧˲ǱߵѪ
ȷˮһóſԺͷ̲סǡ̧֣ﻹճź̲ϵϸɳ°ͣƣˮ̫ûˡߣ´Ҳİ취
һѴֻ֣°ϵϸɳ´Ρ
ǣĻŹŰû˺Ʒܲϰߣܾ̫ۣһز֪ðĿŵĶȰ·ϣ̻¶ļֱå
ЦúãҵĴͷ۱䳶һ縺ڲ£ҲƱ磬ץҪϡ
䷴
ͣҲ
ţԴ
ʲôţ䲻Ȧˣ㣬Ҳǵ˭Ҳǵʲô׻Ҽǵ㣬ǵֿСȥĶҡȻ
˵ˡĲȻ䣬Ҵ㡣ҴӦ㣬ȥĶ֡û֣һֻϣϸɳôס졣


58 
׻
׻ΪʲôҪܵСϷŻ
, գϵ֪˶ýˡ
ȴʯȼ俾㡣
ų˺֧, ʯȵͷϢһ硣
͵ߵ, ֻҧһСڱƿˣ̧ͷʵ,㣬㲻˵ǸȼٵôΪʲô¿, ûοء
֮ǰ¹ʡպȥԵʯ졣
Ѿɾ, ŵ䱻̵ְ˷, û¹ʵ¶, ,ִ˰ɡӻţ
˵ʲôоͦ۵ġϰˣ, ʵʵ
Ѱõ, һ, ӵ˻ҷ, 㲻š
Ҳ, Ȼļ,˵˵ʲô¹ʣͦ۵, ڲԡ
һٸ㡣ιһֻèС֦Сһιһ
ˮ𣿡̧üûӣ۵Ĳ붯죬Ҫҽͺˡ
Ử˶٣ˮֿش䣬ˣ
ô˵ţǰ``׼飬ͲŪ㽴ˣ͵ߣǿһڡ䣬Ҳ㣬ָûȥ
ͷЩΣҲ㣬Ҫһڰɡ
ʲôͷһͻȻſڸ˵
ժˣúóԶٷ¶һűݣ˼Цˡ
´Ǳһڡ
¹ʲˮʵͶȼ˺߼ֳĲáǳԱ
и£׻˵ˣܿŻĵط顣ԣӳȥĴԣ˵ǹȲɷǴ˵ȸǶϢ
ժߣϻ΢΢졣
㲻俴Ư˵һĻͣ䣬ôˣɵôء
˵¶ܲ˵ꡣ׻ΪʲôҪܵСϷŻ𣿡ֱ˲գ룬ոһֱߵģӦúŶԡ
Ѱֱ˺棬ɤ˵κ˽񶼻ᱻɣʶŪˣַǶ·ӡԣγҸС˽ķӦ
ӵԣ׻ܽƻ׷Ż𣬻˽Ϊ˼жԩǴ˽ԼһԼͲע⣿˵ͷƺˡ
ԡ粻鷳˼ע⡣һˡң׻֮һЩӵĶ˵Сӵݵߡ
䲻ǵ񣬵Ļ٣ڣⳡ֣ע⵽ˣŲˡ
㣬׻ǲҲ֪Ҹһ𣿡룬׻ȥȡ˳ҲȡΣ˳µˡǶա
šոջú˵Żֻʣһšˡ
˿⣬̧ۿ׷ʣΪʲôЩ֪Ҹһ
㿴ˣȴǶ㿪ˡ
㣬֪ǵ¶ҾҺÿëʦٻЩõļ䣬ôһЩ䣿죬Сӵݹ˵ȣͣǶˡ
䣬ڲദĺܺôǰ¶Ը벻
䰵ЦոոݲҸоá
Ȼ̧ͷȥֱģ۾ûڿƺһ˳˼
Ĭ䣬ܹ˽ĲϣٻȥЩʹļ䣬òˣαȥ
䲻ģ̸ŵ㡣
Ը˵˵ٸңĿ¶ʵĵҲգʲô֪ǰ˻ֱ֣ŵ˻
䣬ҿԴȥֳһ¶üסӣ˵֣£Ӵܻɢɢļʰ𣬱ڤԵʯﶼЩһ㻹¶ô
Եʯϵξҧҧ촽ǵ˵ͷ
ܻԭļ䣬ȻǼٵģܿƬġ㿴㲻Ը⿴ĳִűסԼݽȥ𣿡ĿԶʵЩĪ
û̫ϣ׷ʵǣܿôЩȻƬģȴʵģô
䣬ȴӦңסҵĻضһ飬ҿԸ㽲ǵĹȥûа취ԭɻ㡣ˣԸҵĻҡ
ƶǶûжҡص˵ͷ㡣˵Щˣգգ۾㣬н𣿡
㴹ˣš֮Դ˸첲ϷƽĶͷһǡ
С¶¡ĸ첲ϲ˲˸
Сһ֣ơ
ܸܲңǰҲҵĶͷôֻʣһ붼ܿġ
š
ţԺܳء
䲻棬׶ͷѵǿĿɰ۵¶ôôϳ
ֻ֪˵ĻʶҲûãɴҲ˯ţֱˣǲȥô
Զε⣬䣬ÿֻҪʱ䣬׻ǰʱҪת׻ðȥ
˸ΪʲôЩȥء
Ļ𳡣㲻ˣֻҪ߽ȥͻῴЩþ䣬ͨʱԽԽáʰһöϰĺҶӣתһѾһˡ
ϣոûһĻ
һ˫۾ȻԲһӣû׼һ򺣴Ҷӣ
һϸ룬ԭϣֻһö
䣬ǲǲôͻȻˣ㴩·ת׻㣬ͦ飬΢΢ⵣġ
˵ɡû¶ǣ
ʲôʵң·Ϻչ㡣岻ǲȥġȻŹ
ûвǣոտ·ţҶӡӣһƷ᲻ᶼһҶӡԼô˵ţ̲סͷ˸첲ʵ֪࣬е£˵꣬ԼѶҲˡ
䣬˻ؼҸ㡣㹴ǣǿסûЦ
䱧˫ϥˡ
ͻȻԴĶһǡ
ߵ㲻ϲҶӣԺ·Ѱ껯㡣
䣺⣬ưʵȻֻһöҶ
һ𣬲Ǿȣûֻʱˡ
ֻϢСģ
ëȥˡֻ˪֮
֮һɫèèͼ


59 

䣬ĸβ£
ֻ, ûȵ䣬ҲûӲȰ˴˽
ոֳѾһƬ𺣡һ·û˵ĵطڴŽֵ¶
ǿɽˮس, ǺܶҲ꣬仯ȳء
ֱܻȫ졣سһٰʮˣⲻǶϷ
ԽԽ, ܱ߳ǰ˾ŰٶȻ𳵣ûơ
÷꼾ȥ, ˮ٣ȣԽԽ, ֱ޷ӽˡ
ʼǽطע, ȫʡȫڹע顣
죬еĵӫ϶ǻ鱨, ľȻȻԱ¼Ҳӫǰȫᡣ
Ȼ, , ⿿᲻ܾȻ
һѣһôͻȲˣһʱϵѾʼԪˡ
, ߽ܶרҵԱȥ, Ͳ
ܶקŶϳ, ȥקŵˣҲŽ˻ٲȻһ޵׺ڶ
˱Ļ, ˭˶ܡ
Ȼ, ò׾ȳ, , ˵ʲô˱ӦǴ
ʵԵɣÿ˵ֲһ¡
˵޷ŰӰ˻ң⡣
Ҳ˵˰ŮѧؽǿҪ֮󣬰˱Ʒ軳гĸճ˱˩Ĺ
˵컯֮һȺȥǿǮƣ¹ǮȴǮûװ˴

ȻһƬ񰲹˵ķᣬЩûͷûβ˵Ȼû˻š
Э˾ȻҲھ֪Ǯﰮ˼ľ󿴵Ҳŷ
㣬ô¶ͷô䱻㱳ڱϣ涼ѾͨЬѾ޷ߡ
šֻܵȵ䡣Ȱһ·һֱ仰
У߹ңи£׻˵ˣܿŻĵط顣ǣΪʲôЩ˿Ķǲһ¶أֻ§Ĳӣķ죬ֻܰĸЩ
һطֻһ¶ңҲп¼ʱҲǲһġĿԣҲǸйϵϱ˱
䲻ȫܸϣ׷ʵëѾԼ˻𳡣ǲëʲôҲ߲ء㣬һżôëͲľѣ
ҵһ˹ͤӣëǾѡѡǰҲǡûв
䣺㻹ҷ£ôҲûżӡ
ûͣϢϣոձ£Ŵں
šˮƿӣ䣬֮ǰ˪ָܻ֮ĿһЩȺȿˮ
ëֻһˣ𣿡ᵽëˣǲ⣬ô˳ס
Ȼ򶨣˵ȣëһˣһֻӼһǧһٶˡ׻𣬾ﱻһ죬ëֻҪסΣͲᱻèɡ
ңҲ£ëԼ߽ģѾʧƬԾ̰ؿŹȥԸ߳ûҲû¶ȣڵѡ
˲²⣬ë߽𳡣ῴĹȥôһһҲûпѰҹȥļ䣿
ʵеëϾһֱҲѰԼļ䡣ëÿ첶׽ӰſһЦʵʹ
һ˵ͷǣҲȫǡǰ׻񲻻ͨˣ׹ëܻźһֱǼ˵ģĳȻȥ׻񱨳Ϊʲô߲Ķ
Ȼ߽֮󣬿˸Ĺȥᣬ߲ԼĿģ׻ǺѲθˡ
䣬ԣҪʱȥֻʱ֣׻ڽʱ䣬˿ȥԾŻȥˮ°䱳
øˣ˵䣬ĵģҲëݽԾ߲
˵ĻҲûʲôѶģҼסˡõġļⷬһ·Ѿ֤ܶˡ
ǰһƬ˹ˮأֻʣ²һǳǳһˮ档ļҪԼ
ŸһŵأͰִڶոձ㱳ţһֱǰѵûš
һƿһöСԲ
öСԲ߬룬Ž¶ö۾Ƭ
ǵ˵ˮʱˮģǵСƬˣǷ顣Ϊģһֱţû
Ǹո㱳ϣ;СС龵ƬԽԽѵ
㣬ʵңʲôѾԲȵһСˣɫӳŰƣ͸ȴǿأ鱦Ҫ
㻹һֱϣ俴ȡ
ʲô㲻Ҳܳ԰ɣҵǶءЩ²⣬뿪Цյš
㣬ǻ˻ָĺܿ죬ϳ𣿡ְˮƿӵ˹
䵹Ǵ󷽣ӹ裬ʲôҲûʣһһˮȥ
㵹˿ҡ
㡣ЦζһһֲǸȫεЦ
ȻԶԽȥˣ˵ˡ
ͻȻ´һüɫ㣬ֻһΡҲסˡ
㣺ʲôһΣ
䱾˵ƣΰɡû취ڳһγ²ȥԵýζԼѵĸΣʱ򶼲֪Լǲˡ
ʵش𣬡ͨ˵ĸ಻һ仯ǿĶȻѾˣ䣬Ҳεı仯ˡֻǹһ֣֮ͫԼˡ
˱壬ҲԳ󣿡档
ԣ񺹣ڵζȻһͨ˵˪֮Ҳδָܻһֱ࣬͸ķҲκͽȥΣͨ˵ЧʵҲһġջʵ⡣
ٴζ㣬ûлشҵĻֻһΣٲܰθˡˡԼû˵ڣܾʱЩġ
У²ΪӦĿˬ졣
ָԱһ˹ˮأһ㣬ԼѾһת˸Ȧж硣
̫ƫˡ
Ÿ첲ȶԣոյƣͻȻɢȥϰ׳̡
СʲôΣֻθյûţеǾʹ֮ǰ¹ӵΣǵʲôӦȻΣؿڷȡ
㿴һ˫Ьֵһ˫ףͲסСЦЦ˵ҽСء춼оǸ˰ɡ
ú˵ż
ǸҪú˵ˣ̧üۣ䣬ú˵δԸú䣬ˮԲݡˮϵͬԡҵλϵԣȻܰʱָҲȥԣû취ֱӰҵθ㡣
̧Ҳ㺬Ц۾⻰еô᲻ԸҺȻһû׼ҵóżСļһҪ̲ȥءЦ䣬̧֣߹Ǹλá
˶٣⸱ӣĸҽһˡؿյζͻʧ
ϣ䴹۽ޣˡ
ָ⣬˴ԼĿѵλã䣬ĸβ£
˵Щˡ̫ҪȥˣǲǸýˣȥ˻⡣
Цˣ˵㣬˵Ҳ㡣䣬㡣
ǿˡˡһؼңʣµĻһȥ̸㡣°䱳
ıĺ˲գֺȻЩ
´ߣֱˮˮҲˣ˼˪¹ϡ
һؼңáش
л˵
׻һˣ¾ˣ׼һ㶡
дһŴ磨1v1HEϲӣϲСղء
һƪӵġ㶡󡷣Ŵղأ
ڻУʮȫ常ơ
͢ݣǧ
ΪΪ޻ꡣ
ͶҲͶԭܡ
׷У常˱ϡ
һ޻ĸ߸裬챻常ǰ
ɫĺ˷Ǻ嫡
Ȼʵ
һλ޻ʣԭӻһ˳ìһ
ìڳ£һԲ㣬Ŀ͸ѪȣۿҪˡ
µ˲䣬ʹ˵ԭʣѳì˵¡
ԭʶһֱɸ֣һˣ󡣡
ͳ˻СүߵС̫ࡣ
С̫һǰꡣ
ֺеĻСүиڻлү
лɡС̫࣬Ҳ齼վ
ֱ¥գүС̫ĵ˲ϡ
˳ţСϣЦʣСˣů꣬ɽӹ㣬ùҰɣ
ĵۣүҲһαؼǹҡ
һ֣ݸһЦ䣬Ŵ̹ĵУԼؿһ̡
˳߹ͱ˽ȥ̵ĳìͬһ


60 
͵
Ҫ䣬Ҫ
ۿ̫Ҫȥˡ
֪ǻӳŵĻԭе, ƶ˽ɫĻƣʡ
תۼ䣬ɫ, ɫɫͻȻɫ
ŰȥƤɫգϱЩ, ѾƵ˲ϡ
͵ľɫ˾Ʋģ࿴һ۶ħõһ˿ɲ, ΪԽԽߣ·Ѿ͸ϵơ
ֳڡ
˵ֳѾյһӰ
Ӹճ, ʱÿֻʱ, Ҳվǰͷ¶ˡ
ͻȻһҵĺҪѰȥ, һ˻
, ǧë, 䲻ʾУȫһ
ë仹ûڣͱһѴס졣
ͷ, ҡҡͷ
һӽˣȻȫû˸ոյҼ,, ëЩͷΣ˵, ±ӶñĶ顣, ſ
, , ôƭأҳͷβ㣬ȴںҡѾˣȥֻˣôȻҡëɳ
ͼѿֻ֣úʵû
һֻèѣȷûʲôáɵһ˾ЦһӶΪ˶İӻţЦ˰ɡЦӭ˵ë·ҹ˻սĺèҲ
ǣ˲֪ô᲻ءЦġ˵ϲЦˣֻҪЦһֱֺǣԶҡ
ͻȻһתԶʲôԶƭ˵ġ˵һֻǧˣôһʲôԶͬʱʣźŽŲ
ëԽԽˡ
ˣ˵ɵЦȥ˭ءļЦİˣ仰ԭ١˵һٶǲǶЦӭءҲٿˡҾͲһֻèˡ
㣬ǰָָһӰӻﳯ˳
䲻֪ǰ㲻һֻèһ˫ӳðϹͫǰһƥȺڱҪߵޣԭпűȱӸҰĺè
èվţβ֧ͣţ˷èצͻȻ첲쳤˼ףҪץͬʱһ͸Ĳ
ѣһҵײ֮ëջèצһ˫è۾͹˻ȥ
һ˲䣬䲻ֱӣһ˫ɭȻèͻȻѪĺڶ
ëЩԾˣЩ㼸
Ȼ粽û˽ҲûŲһ
ۿϵӰԽԽվǰˡ
㣬ëΧĻɿҡʹҡ󣬿Ǹק
ʹţΪ˿ķŭ׻쵰ɿֻè
俴ŵϵӰӣ仹ʮӣʮӡ
סӣȻˡҲã۲Ϊ־ͲйˡϹԼ۾ĺèڻɫèëûսѱһΧס
治˼ѣͷֵǰһ͸Сë۾λãһֱͻȪһⲻͣðѪ·ں
Ҳ޷ץϹۣһλץأëʻȻûеȵ𰸡
ȴվڱǸŭҶëΣҷ㡣
䣬û˼䣬ÿعŻԵƽӣû壿ëһת쳰ˡ
ëЩëƷɣûȴ̲סˡ
俴ʧĵëζΪʲôᷴҪ׻ԾеļԻëǸһֱϹЦǿè
ĬĬʱ䣬߷ˡ
䣬Ұ׿ˡȻǸηηŵͨˣûʲôôӣҺһëƵĿˡ
䣬ⲻëëݵ̫ëӶ׻ʴˡ
סҪĻ̫һȥҾʹȥɿֻ֣գͼסĶ䣬ȴץסˡ

ʵǰ߷紵ٶ඼ûá䣬㲻һֱһļʵܼ򵥡ë⻰˵ȻֹζЦ
ô򵥡һҲػˣüŭ֪ûػġ
ǣ̫ҪԼļˡ
ֻͨˣʮˣֻвµļ䣬ÿ춼ڸΧԹɫлЩۡ
ԺʲôʱҪ֪˭ܸʲôЩ䶼֪
ԣûסһǰϹ۾ĺèȻض˻
ܺãܺáëƺҡҡèββ࣬һӱģҲ˵һһ
ëҲûȦӣֱ˵䣬һԼģļ˲ͻˡ
ë죡ϵĻڸĵķŭǺˡ
׻졣
ȫ˽ȥ̲סʣôң
ë𣿡һͶ˹ֱëϣȻ˹ȥٶȶûͣ
㣺ˣǻӰ
ҿϴѡ͵𣬹ȻԼ˵ġİġëĻӰָԭˣһֱظšġ
ģͻȻ׽֡
䣬ȻѩԣġԼģˣҲŲò˵ëһ
ëұ졣ǿѾ˶ĹĤ
Ҳ仹ˡ̫
䣬о仰ԻĲһжݵСۣҲøлëĻźԶˣûûεˣûǣңʵҲͦá
ʲô˼Щˣ֪ëڸӣǰԼ˽ȥ
䣬ûġëͻȻ
ʣҵأ
Ҫָ˪֮һѰססֽš
ģֻȡˡëٸ䡣
Ϊʲôȡҵģ䲽׷ʡ
ȡģȡļ䡣䣬ֻļĻ֡䣬㱻ƭˡë
˲ᶯҡعͷȥ
һ˫Ȼֱֱص
ĵαصңǸ㡣
Ҫ䣬Ҫ
䣬Ҹ㣬ôֻǶȡԼġԣëһ˫Ѫ۾ƺˣ˻֣кȥ
ӰѾĺ˶ϸݵĵ䲻һˡ
Ȼ仹ƿ㲽Ĵݣëķ򣬳Ż棬˹ȥ
л˵
лÿһСʹ
ϲղؽӵġ㶡󡷡˸ġ


61 
Ծ
ֻСɣ
䣡ֻܺ, ͱ˪֮סȫ
գգһӣһĨʵЦ
Ĵ, ֻ΢΢˵ͷûٻӦ
䣬֪Ǹ߸ϵ񡣿, ñǰëˡ
βٻͷ, һ֣Ѿһ
䣬ֻ㡣Զʥֵþ񡣡ʲô顣
䲻Щ翵Ķ, Ż߽, ϵı£µıЬһʼˮˡ
ҵĶΪʲôҪ͵ҵģַ̧ס, ׷˽ȥ
, ı̵ֻˡ, ҪֻҪȡֻΣɱ, ûġ
ȵĸһӶ˴ȥñ¹ȫ
Ȼ, ¶ڱĽë, ǵ˻⣬۽һһ, ̲ס۾
, ԰ر۾ﶼĹȥ, , ͬڤҲ죬ֻԭʵļ䡣ڹЩ䡣
ٻ䣬Ѿȫ֮УڣκηѾ졣
Ȼһ·ͻȻʧˡ
תʱ˼߽ʬĬĬףӡǡ
ǰȥ俴һʦëɡ
䣬ëѾյƤⷭܶˣ۾Ҳ˺·ϵİײҲϡǣ۾λȻѪ
ëʦ𣿡ûȸë˵ȷһ۾
ࡣ֣˵üѣˣĺѣë
ë΢΢Цƿ䣬û¶˪֮ҪˮԴˮԴѰ˷ϡ
ëұȥëߡ
䣬Ѿˣȥܳȥ벻뿴һĹȥ
ë˿ˣѺõĶ㣬ĶԼš˵ۼΪʵ治ܱǰԾǰŲŲû
ë߽ʱ㣬ȷ˵һֻè˵˺ܶ໰ѵոʧǣȻԱߣëȰëѪ۾һȦΧ˱˪
䣬ǵã԰ꡣҵˡڸһֻǸͨ˵ҵԭαռȥˡ
ë˿ķӦĬĬţż˵ո㿴һֻɫèڸ˵׻ռҵ͹ȥļ䣬ұٿˡ
ԣ׻ԭͱϹ˫ĿҲܵͬ˺ôһëϸ첲ϵˣǸͨ˵ôܵΧĻơ
䣬㲻⸱ӣֻҪԭλڣлȥҿ⸱ӡëЦţҪסҪժֵ˫֣Ϊƫˡ
лꣿһʱסˣԼƺ֪ôȥлꡣ
䣬Сġ׻ռӣǾ˵Ļ»Ĵ̶
Ǻôôôױ׻ռӡü
䣬¶Ҳˡ׻ҲǶԲ׽Ϊû塣׽ס׻ҲȰø֮ܿëһֻܸЩˡ
䣬ˮԴպãѾŨǺҲͦסˡèоһ˴ţҾұˡ䣬Сġ˵꣬ëȻЦݣԼ̧˲ӣԴ
˲䣬ëѾˣոǿζֻһڸǵƤҡ
䣬䡣ֳ
ëվ
л꣬ڤڤУ֪ôˡ
ϲ˱ķ򣬺η˹ȥ
֪ʲôʱĽһֱһŽɫС򡣻ɫΧðź̵ŨŨ沢һ
ÿһС򶼽ӽƵ˫ϡ
ǻȴˣƺм˿ů
Сǻ𣿸ңûûΧһ𣿺仰û˵ڣһ̧ͷΪԼˣΧĻ澹Ȼ˲ʧˣ
һˣ⣿סһʱʧ
䲻֪ôİС
֪ôͻȻô뷨ŵǸůůӡů͡
˵𣿡һһֵʵú
ûлش
ֻСɣ
ҲǣҲ˵Ҳʲ𰸡
С˱ģӦ
һ벻ԼҪʲôˡ
俴Χïܵڤ˹ϽС˲˪˻
ڤļ䣬Թ˵ϵˮĴӳˣЪϢʱ䶼ûС
ǣ俴ڤı飬ڱԹҫ뿪ƺЩϲڴӡ
Ѱȥɡֹ
ڤԶˣϽСӻͳָոջůֵС򣬱˪֮һޱ΢ֻһһػ΢ط·ө档
С˵شҡ仯˪֮С
Сֵ֪ողԼҲ˵ô
Сﷴţ£ͻش
Ȼûش
޷ǾСһ˿⣬ˡ
仹ûɱ޹ÿʮİڶɣǧѾڰꡣ
һΣΪСԼů֣һ˪֮ͰСˡ
СܲǼСϬ꣬µ𣿡֮Ŀʥ࣬ŻǱǿӲСûиȼ
ֻðڻһֱӡ
СڻֻҪʲôӣƣ䶼ţϻȥһιֻС
ҹֻСߣƺһֻèжһ˯ֻС
Ϧദʮ꣬СԽԽˣóԳԸúȺȸ˯˯һζûֻҹźһֻůůèëëԱΪůѶ
һգƽʱһС˵ŻСͻȻڣ䣬ܽС
־ϲһֱŵСȻ˵ˣʼʾ֭С֡
С¶ӣʼ㣬ɳҪ꣬ںͽУˡ
С״Ӧˣպ֪ôз骷꣬ϲ
д֣ɴֱӰֻͬġ㡹
СʵԢ⣬ھ֮־ٷ
һֱһö˵ֻûΰˡ
ûнҴϾÿװëףһֱƣӵĴ󴲿ⷭŲ¶
ֹЩӣŪЩСιˡ
ҹϰߵȥëСʱͻȻһӲһĸߴ˵š
һҪջȥ˵Ĵһץסˡ
䣬ң㡣תӢһ˫ȻֱֱضѾӨ۵ס
䣬ôˣ
䲻ǣһΪ졣
ҹһδֱߵֳëףȥץëס
ǣǰȴû취ǰˣϾεСĿԹ
֮ż춼ǰ컹ëףϾǸˡ
ϣ俪ʼ۾ҶˡԼ޾ԼĴȴǽŵҪŴ˱ѡ
䣬𣿡ȻԱǸ˵Ƶ
˵˹ᰴ
С̫ΡȻɫ䡣
䣬治Ρ⼸ҹֺ䣬ȣϼ¾ͻӲ֪ôôʵѧӡ
㲻ôȥ仹۾
䣬ÿ㶼شҵ⣬Ҹոյǲûҡ
ˡظϽĻ
۽Ц֪ڴϡ
죬ҪˣôͻȻʵÿ⡣
ʮһգΪãΪů֣Ϊů
㣬ʵһֱĲůѾˣһС֣ѹźֱ
ǣʲôůأһֱһֻʵС
ŵתȥ㡣
һ֣䣬Լҵĺ󱳡
ߣҲ¡ǽҸůһδ𣿡ӺĶߴ˹
һͨദʮһӣֻϬԺʲôǲġ
û
㲻Ըҡҡͷһģǿ㡣ɳ
ЩȷģƫƫҪҧš֣˵ɺ졣
˵ȣȷϹûҡͷ
ֻһΣҳˡΪůһδǸͷСûأͷһε׳ȫűӲ˽ȥ
衢šǸ߸ϵȴǴϢᣬԲˣֻҧż֡
ĻᱳŲɳһҹ
֮۾˵СѾеù˼㲻ٴˡ
ΪʲôСҹҹΪů
㣬Ը⿴ңס𣿡
ʲôѵġСֻ۾䣬ÿ
۾˵Ҫס
Сʵˡ
俴Сط۾
㣬۾ϱվСǰ
˭ôС۾̧䡣
ץС䡣
ץʲôС޹ѯʡ
һ㣬ȥΡ£Ϊû¶ȵ˪̹ǣ˵ĻҲ顣
СؿڣأվӱҪˣָһػ磬ﲻ֪Ѱʲô
ôߣӺһѡ
Һʧʲôȴ벻ˡСͷôü㡣
Ļػأɡ
СڨڨЦЦЩҲɡ̫ÿˣŶ࿴һۡԼˡ

С̫ˣ˵ֻ񣬱ֱҲǻá

ǰͻȻʧС߿ʼεתתۼ䣬ΧͻȻȵϢڴųˮԴָԼ˲ɴ¡
ףǻصʵڻ
ԶԶ䣬߳䣡
ŸոһĻĻ䲻Ըˣʱ򣬿Ĩȥ˵ļ䣡
ڶһ̣Ĩÿһֻļ䡣
С㣬ʶ֪һ̧֣ȴ̵Ĩȥˡ
ԭװ̫˵ļ䣬͵߹Ǹ¶Сļ䡭
Լ˭ˣڤ˽ηֻǰļָˣڤ㣬һı䣬һĨ䡣ַп䡣Ϊû˼װ崿෴ķ򣬴¶ǶɭЦ
û㺰ķȥûפ뿴ࡣ
ǣݵ˻
л˵
Сʿɡ  лꡣ


62 

ȫ
һֱֵֹ, û˼Ĺ߸ϵһ˿㽡
˭ֲ뿴Ի͵Լжöѫء
Ȼոۿˡ
ʵԼʧ
ԭ˪֮, Ϊı¾ȥĨ˵ļ䡣
ԭʼദû
ԭΪԼȻֱСļ䡣

䲻֪ԼжٲֱӵĹȥ, ûǸԼ̫, ѻ䣬һҲûɿŽҪȥҡ
ǣ̲סһŨ, һƮȻԼ, 䣬˽ȥ
ȻΧҲһ, , Ѿһ, һ
߻һȻǸ뿪ɳСʱѾµСˡ
һ˪һɻ, ַսһ
Ȼ, ⳡֱһıǧ걻, ǴԹޣһ, ǾŶһµĹҪ
ֻܶ, Ȼ˺ԩȥ, ҲΪ
ϯ긲, ɣ޷ѡ
֮ʣҪ˪֮˲䣬Сȼһ棬ǧ飬еֻ
Զķ˭أһ˶ٻһֻͺˡ
ǣС˻»ʱû뿪ᱧһµ
ȻʱһѾմѪȣۼ쵡
䣬ûˡڡСӲʻȣҵ·ڲݵϵ̫
俴ŰڻһӢ쪵̧࣬ȼȴһȻɫ
Сüֻۣ˫˾䣬Ǹˡ
񿴲Ưüڸ˵ʲô΢΢ͷֻǰһ˫ûѪɫĴῪ
ֻôϣܾ￴һ˫ҪɺԵĴ
ǣС£ͷȥ˫һţֱ˫º
С㵨ӲСʲôһ˫һֻ۽΢΢һƺͿ¡
롭˫ݵļ򣬺Ļû˵ڡ
С𣿡ǣһ߸ϣви顣
˫ͫʣ㱻ѹ棬ʵơ
ܾ䡸𡹣ƺ˵ѽҾ˺ԡ
Ǹ𱬵ܲơϣûʲôҵġ
ˣó׵ס
ǶɾӣŴӴϢƽϵĺ쳱ûȥȴС㿴ң񡣡
˫ְ˫࣬жؿ
Ҳ˫С̫һůȻǻ̧֣Ҫ۾
һץס֡
ͣ£ļд棬˪֮ӲǳüϺݺݸ
ͼʱָϣһı׶üۣҲüĴһѪӡ
СԲ˰ɡ
һ̣΢Цŵһ˫Ưһƺûо۹⣬ֻ˵ڤ֪һġҵȵˡ
վվرͦ˱ֱһֻԶԶûٶ˵һ仰
ֱ߹ңڤŶ뿪

̧֣˰̫Ѩ˿ٽſȥˡ
֪ˣԭҲü˰̣Ǳ˪֮ˡ
䣬ˣ뿴ôһΪ׹ô׻صţŻһֱصߡ
֪ǰˡͣ½Ųַ£Ұֳ˼Ĺȥ
Ϊ㣬СƴԼæµССĲӣҲճ跹¶
Ȼÿζһ۵סƮӣקأһݳ˿ڡ
һֱһ˱˵м䣬˶㲻ֻأÿһοն㲻ůĻ
ĻԶůģ˿ģ̫ҪֲҪġ
ǣ̫ҪˡҪļ
żһڣͰȥڴֽŽϱ
ÿλصҹʹ䣬ֽϵı⿪ȻҲ˫ȣɵޡ
Ӳֻһڴһֱ洲˼

ıɳҪˣ첽̤棬פ
Ϊ׹ȥϸϸԭί߹ĹأϵͻΪ׹
ǣԽǲ뿴Ļ棬ԽǶ㲻
ǰڶ֮ǧְλԣ׹ʱ򣬼ŻĶ
񱻰磬׹˽ʱһպ滹ҪտųһȦס
Ȼ֮⣬Ǻ죬ƺеҰˡ
ȷе˵ǳΪϵһġ
ۿĽҪˣСȥ롣׹һߡ
һѽסߵһﾹȻ֮ġ
ҲƽĶ׸ˣʲôá
ܣԱΰëҲȸ
仹һ֮Ŀʧˡ

ˣν룬µĲǱߣǿвŵм䣬бĨģɬֲ׵ļ䡣
˻ţǿŶ˼ȴǶ
䣬ʲôأͻȻ˼һ̧ͷһ˶Ļ
ΧܻֻŻڸ˵
һˣûѰΡ
䣬ˡͷβĶһƤҰɡϴӻд˳
ǵġ߿˿ܱߵĻ滹Ҫȡ
䣬ңûģȡҵôѽҶ㡣ںع˻
أһ̧֣֮ǰèʱ
Σ䣬ҵԭΣʧ˰ɡʧҲк¶ϲƤ棬ǸױĻ򡣹ɫ˻Уҡк䡣
ʧ˵ȷô¶ֻǣΣô֪ǰأҧüء漴Ͽһ
ȻǸɫ¶׶֮ˡƤԺҲˣڿһۡ˵㣬ᵽˡѾݶˡ
һͷûн˫ͫʹŶĽ£˶һһ仰˵
չȥָķ˿ǿ̧ͷҲüĴȻһǳ˵İ̺ۻϡ
˳ŷ˿ֻ޳ָסĲ
һֻ֣˦ϵˮˮ޲ʮ׳
мֲ棬·Ĵ֣ʮˮͬʱס˻
λ꣬ƮζϢϢ顣ϸݵ߬ˮͺһ飡
ǰĻ˲ʧˡ
ԱߵͻȻˣ˫ϥűߣ䣬ڣ˪֮ҷϡ
˿̷Ȼԥõİ취
˫ӽɫ˽ɫʱ䣬һĴݶˡ
ų˪֮ѽűߵ㶳˱
漴ɽĻۿŸһʱס併˪ȻĻ档
ҹɽ𽥽Ϩ֮Ѿ˼ܿƵķΧˡ
ƣѰëٴлհëѾëߡ
ë䡣
˯ȥѲҴ⣬һ·˵Ż䣬ҪɡθڰһءһֻǧӵһͨлȻڶܻ㱡
ֻǿЦЦѾûشˡ
䣬һȻԱϽ˾ͶˡҸȸȻȥֻǣ䣬ı⣬Ҫҹڿ𣿡ëʵˣȴҲΥԸ
ȷô˵賿ٴ򿪡ᶯ˶ǣشë
׻ͬһ
ë֪ζţס׻ѡ
ľᣬһ·϶ûһ¶
ֱ±ë̲סˡ
˿ɳ۾䣬ʣ䣬ҡ˵ʵ׻ֻʱ֣ѾˡҡңҾǶ졣
ë˵Ż۾ˡ
ĺº͵Ҳزסˡ䣬Ǹʧˣʧȥ˹Ĺϰꡣ룬ܹȥҿһӶ뿪
仺۾˵ëİɡܿ˪֮ˣ׻ĲһˣҲڡңѾ޸ˡ
޸ˣëԲֻèۣͫʣѵ񺹣ѵѾ
䴹ëԼ˵ŻڨڨЦˣҵĻǶࡣ
ڴҲǶࡣűѿԵë
ëǰ棬Ҫˣͷ˰
ſ˫ۣë󷽷߹ȥļ򣬡ǾͲñˡһȥȰӡ
㵲ס·ɫȻ
ëһͷſɳϳֺǵ䡣
ɫ˵ľ׳ҵİˡëЦÿ·ڰҪ뿪
׳ԡӡһסëļ򣬡Ž̳
׻Σëӹ߬һ۾Ϳˣ֮Ѿù
ˡǸþƵġ¸ʮȥǶȾơ㻰˵ûʲô飬Ǹľͷ
һëûסִ˼ۿĶҪסˣųȥˡ
ŹϣĵͻȻˣ㼸ָ죬ĵ˼ػ硣
Сﲻǲôɳϵ۾
㿴żƭ˵ֻС̫ðɡ죬İĻ¿Щаԡ
ιڿǸͨˣɱԼ˫ȻŹ⣬ƽǸ۵ʵСֱˡֱӣɳŲŲ
ϵĺƷһһ΢Եĺۣ˵ûϵ͹ˡ
üôˣֱʲôˣ
һ۶ѣҲϣͶժ˾ǡ
𣡡ϽվסҪժ۴ӵ
գգ۾ŵЩ£ôͻȻˣǰӡ˵ǰԼҧס˴ǡ
㷴סֻ󣬡ƭĶˣܵóɳɡҵǿġҴû֮ǰûС
ǡһˡ
һ𣬸ոڻһ顣˵Щ䣬ǲǵԼһءһһֻѾס°͡
ᰵĵƹͨ˫ҲӳŻԡ
䣬ûʼأôôˡ˵һ˫Ҫ
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